Sequence:
Sequence:
Sequence Modifications
| Type | Location | Description |
|---|---|---|
| terminal mod. | Lys-15 | C-terminal amide |
| terminal mod. | Lys-15′ | C-terminal amide |
| bridge | Cys-2 – Cys-12 | disulfide bridge, dimer |
| bridge | Lys-15 – Lys-15′ | covalent bridge, dimer |
| bridge | Cys-2′ – Cys-12′ | disulfide bridge, dimer |
| uncommon | Oaa-14 | – |
| uncommon | Oaa-14′ | – |
Pegcetacoplan
ペグセタコプラン;
FDA APPROVED Empaveli, 2021/5/14
Protein Sequence
Sequence Length: 30, 15, 15multichain; modified
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-, 15,15′-diester with N-acetyl-Lisoleucyl-L-cysteinyl-L-valyl-1-methyl-L-tryptophyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-tryptophylglycyl-L-alanyl-L-histidyl-L-arginyl-L-cysteinyl-L-threonyl-2-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy)acetyl-N6-carboxy-L-lysinamide cyclic (2�->12)-(disulfide)
O,O’-bis((S2,S12-cyclo(N-acetyl-L-isoleucyl-L-cysteinyl-L-valyl-1-methyl-Ltryptophyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-tryptophylglycyl-L-alanyl-L-histidyl-L-arginyl-L-cysteinyl-L-threonyl-2-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy)acetyl-L-lysinamide))-N6.15-carbonyl)polyethylene glycol(n = 800-1100)
- APL-2
- WHO 10743
| Formula |
C170H248N50O47S4. (C2H4O)n
3872.40 g·mol−1
|
|---|---|
| Efficacy
Disease |
Complement inhibitor
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
|
| CAS | 2019171-69-6 |
| Comment |
Treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), complement-mediated nephropathies, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
|
- OriginatorApellis Pharmaceuticals
- ClassAnti-inflammatories; Anti-ischaemics; Antianaemics; Cyclic peptides; Eye disorder therapies; Polyethylene glycols; Urologics
- Mechanism of ActionComplement C3 inhibitors
- Orphan Drug StatusYes – Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria; Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia; Glomerulonephritis
- RegisteredParoxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
- Phase IIIAge-related macular degeneration
- Phase IIAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia; Glomerulonephritis; IgA nephropathy; Lupus nephritis; Membranous glomerulonephritis
- Phase I/IIWet age-related macular degeneration
- DiscontinuedIschaemia
- 02 Jun 2021Apellis Pharmaceuticals plans a phase III trial for Glomerulonephritis in the second half of 2021
- 25 May 2021Top-line efficacy and safety results from the phase III PRINCE trial for Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria released by Apellis Pharmaceuticals
- 18 May 2021Registered for Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria in USA (SC) – First global approval
Pegcetacoplan, sold under the brand name Empaveli, is a medication used to treat paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).[1][2]
The most common side effects include injection-site reactions, infections, diarrhea, abdominal pain, respiratory tract infection, viral infection, and fatigue.[2]
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is characterized by red blood cell destruction, anemia (red blood cells unable to carry enough oxygen to tissues), blood clots, and impaired bone marrow function (not making enough blood cells).[1]
Pegcetacoplan is the first treatment for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria that binds to complement protein C3.[1] Pegcetacoplan was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2021.[1][3]
Pegcetacoplan is a complement inhibitor indicated in the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).5,7 Prior to its FDA approval, patients with PNH were typically treated with the C5 inhibiting monoclonal antibody eculizumab.5 Patients given eculizumab experienced less hemolysis caused by the membrane attack complex, but were still somewhat susceptible to hemolysis caused by C3b opsonization.5,6 Pegcetacoplan was developed out of a need for an inhibitor of complement mediated hemolysis further upstream of C5.5,6 Pegcetacoplan is a pegylated C3 inhibitor that can disrupt the processes leading to both forms of hemolysis that threaten patients with PNH.5
Pegcetacoplan was granted FDA approval on 14 May 2021.7
Medical uses
Pegcetacoplan is indicated to treat adults with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).[1][2]
EMPAVELI contains pegcetacoplan, a complement inhibitor. Pegcetacoplan is a symmetrical molecule comprised of two identical pentadecapeptides covalently bound to the ends of a linear 40-kiloDalton (kDa) PEG molecule. The peptide portions of pegcetacoplan contain 1-methyl-L-tryptophan (Trp(Me)) in position 4 and amino(ethoxyethoxy)acetic acid (AEEA) in position 14.
The molecular weight of pegcetacoplan is approximately 43.5 kDa. The molecular formula is C1970H3848N50O947S4. The structure of pegcetacoplan is shown below.
 |
EMPAVELI injection is a sterile, clear, colorless to slightly yellowish aqueous solution for subcutaneous use and is supplied in a 20-mL single-dose vial. Each 1 mL of solution contains 54 mg of pegcetacoplan, 41 mg of sorbitol, 0.384 mg of glacial acetic acid, 0.490 mg of sodium acetate trihydrate, and Water for Injection USP. EMPAVELI may also contain sodium hydroxide and/or additional glacial acetic acid for adjustment to a target pH of 5.0.
FDA approves new treatment for adults with serious rare blood disease..
FDA has approved Empaveli (pegcetacoplan) injection to treat adults with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), a rare, life-threatening blood disease. Empaveli is the first PNH treatment that binds to compliment protein C3.
PNH is characterized by red blood cell destruction, anemia (red blood cells unable to carry enough oxygen to tissues), blood clots, and impaired bone marrow function (not making enough blood cells). The disease affects 1-1.5 people per million. Individuals are typically diagnosed around ages 35 to 40. PNH can be serious, with median survival of 10 years after diagnosis. However, some patients live for decades with only minor symptoms.
PNH is caused by gene mutations that affect red blood cells. Red blood cells in people with these mutations are defective and can be destroyed by the immune system, which causes anemia.
The effectiveness of Empaveli was evaluated in a study enrolling 80 patients with PNH and anemia who had been taking eculizumab, a treatment previously approved for PNH. Patients first completed a four-week period during which they received Empaveli 1,080 mg twice weekly in addition to eculizumab at their previous dose. After the first four weeks, patients were randomly assigned to receive either Empaveli or their current dose of eculizumab for 16 weeks.
After 16 weeks, the severity of anemia was compared in the two treatment groups on the basis of hemoglobin concentration (a laboratory measure of anemia). In both treatment groups, the average hemoglobin was 8.7 g/dL at baseline, indicating severe anemia. (Normal hemoglobin values in adult men are 14 g/dL or above; normal values in adult women are 12 g/dL or above.) During the 16 weeks of treatment, patients in the Empaveli group had an average increase in their hemoglobin of 2.4 g/dL. Meanwhile, patients in the eculizumab group had an average decrease in their hemoglobin of 1.5 g/dL.
Empaveli is available only through a restricted program under a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy. Meningococcal (a type of bacteria) infections can occur in patients taking Empaveli and can become life-threatening or fatal if not treated early. Empaveli may also predispose individuals to serious infections, especially infections caused by encapsulated bacteria. Patients should be monitored for infusion-related reactions. Empaveli can interfere with certain laboratory tests. The most common side effects are injection site reactions, infections, diarrhea, abdominal pain, respiratory tract infection, viral infection, and fatigue.
Empaveli received priority review, fast track and orphan drug designations for this indication.
FDA granted the approval of Empaveli to Apellis Pharmaceuticals.
Adverse effects
Meningococcal (a type of bacteria) infections can occur in people taking pegcetacoplan and can become life-threatening or fatal if not treated early.[1] Pegcetacoplan may also predispose individuals to serious infections, especially infections caused by encapsulated bacteria.[1]
History
The effectiveness of pegcetacoplan was evaluated in a study enrolling 80 participants with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and anemia who had been taking eculizumab, a treatment previously approved for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.[1]
References
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i “FDA approves new treatment for adults with serious rare blood disease”. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 14 May 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. - ^ Jump up to:a b c d https://pi.apellis.com/files/PI_Empaveli.pdf
- ^ “Apellis Announces U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Approval of Empaveli (pegcetacoplan) for Adults with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)” (Press release). Apellis Pharmaceuticals. 14 May 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2021 – via GlobeNewswire.
External links
- “Pegcetacoplan”. Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- Clinical trial number NCT03500549 for “Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of APL-2 in Patients With Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)” at ClinicalTrials.gov
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Empaveli |
| Other names | APL-2 |
| License data | |
| Routes of administration |
Subcutaneous infusion |
| Drug class | Complement inhibitor |
| ATC code |
|
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |
|
| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| ChEMBL | |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C170H248N50O47S4 |
| Molar mass | 3872.40 g·mol−1 |
/////////Pegcetacoplan, ペグセタコプラン , FDA 2021, APPROVALS 2021, APL-2, WHO 10743, Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Empaveli, priority review, fast track, orphan drug
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1492422/000156459020007350/apls-10k_20191231.htm