SUGAMMADEX
| CAS number | 343306-71-8 |
|---|---|
| Weight | Average: 2002.12 Monoisotopic: 2000.408874758 |
| Chemical Formula | C72H112O48S8 |
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SUGAMMADEX
| 343306-71-8 cas free
343306-79-6
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| MF: | C72H104O48S8.8Na |
| MW: | 2178.01 |
Bridion; UNII-ERJ6X2MXV7; Suγdex Sodium; Suγdex; 343306-79-6; Org 25969; Sugammadex, Org25969; Org-25969; Org 25969; 361LPM2T56
Sugammadex (Org 25969, Bridion) is chemically known as Cyclooctakis-(l-→4)-[6-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-6-thio-a-D-glucopyranosyl].
Sugammadex sodium, 343306-79-6
CAS No.:343306-71-8 free
Molecular Weight:2178.01
Molecular Formula:C72H104Na8O48S8
Sugammadex sodium was first approved by European Medicine Agency (EMA) on July 25, 2008, then approved by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) on Jan 20, 2010, and approved by the US. food and drug administration (FDA) on Dec 15, 2015. It was developed and marketed as Bridion® by Merck Sharp & Dohme.
Sugammadex is reversal of neuromuscular blockade without relying on inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. It is the first selective relaxant binding agent (SRBA). It is indicated in neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium or vecuronium in adults.
Bridion® is available as injection solution for intravenous use, containing 100 mg /mL of free Sugammadex. The recommended dose is 4 mg/kg for adults if recovery has reached at least 1-2 post-tetanic counts (PTC) following rocuronium or vecuronium induced blockade.
Sugammadex Sodium is the sodium salt form of the biologically inert, selective relaxant binding agent (SRBA) sugammadex, a modified, anionic gamma cyclodextrinderivative containing a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic core, with neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) reversal activity. Upon administration, the negatively charged carboxyl-thio-ether groups of sugammadex selectively and reversibly bind to the positively charged quaternary nitrogen of a steroidal NMBD, which was administered at an earlier time for anesthetic purposes. The encapsulation of the NMBD by sugammadex blocks its ability to bind to nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction and thereby reverses the NMBD-induced neuromuscular blockade. Sugammadex binds rocuronium, vecuronium, and to a lesser extent pancuronium.
Sugammadex is used to reverse neuromuscular blockade after administration of non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agentssuch as vecuronium or rocuronium.
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Sugammadex is a modified γ-cyclodextrin, with a lipophilic core and a hydrophilic periphery. This gamma cyclodextrin has been modified from its natural state by placing eight carboxyl thio ether groups at the sixth carbon positions. These extensions extend the cavity size allowing greater encapsulation of the rocuronium molecule. These negatively charged extensions electrostatically bind to the quaternary nitrogen of the target as well as contribute to the aqueous nature of the cyclodextrin. Sugammadex’s binding encapsulation of rocuronium is one of the strongest among cyclodextrins and their guest molecules. The rocuronium molecule (a modified steroid) bound within sugammadex’s lipophilic core, is rendered unavailable to bind to the acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction.
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Right: Space-filling model of a sugammadex sodium molecule in the same orientation.
Sugammadex, unlike neostigmine, does not inhibit acetylcholinesterase so cholinergic effects are not produced and co-administration of an antimuscarinicagent (glycopyrronium bromide or atropine) is not needed. Sugammadex might therefore be expected to have fewer adverse effects than the traditional reversal agents.
When muscle relaxant with rapid onset and short duration of action is required, there has been little choice apart from suxamethonium but this drug has important contraindications; for example, it can trigger malignant hyperthermia in susceptible individuals, it has a prolonged duration of action in patients with pseudocholinesterase deficiency and it causes an increase in plasma potassium concentration which is dangerous in some circumstances. Rocuronium has a comparably quick onset in high dose (0.6 mg kg−1 to 1 mg kg−1) and can be rapidly reversed with sugammadex (16 mg kg−1), so this drug combination offers an alternative to suxamethonium.
‘Recurarisation’, a phenomenon of recurrence of neuromuscular block, may occur where the reversal agents wear off before a neuromuscular blocking drug is completely cleared. This is very unusual with all but the longest acting neuromuscular blocking drugs (such as gallamine, pancuronium or tubocurarine). It has been demonstrated to occur only rarely with sugammadex, and only when insufficient doses were administered.[1] The underlying mechanism is thought to be related to redistribution of relaxant after reversal. It may occur for a limited range of sugammadex doses which are sufficient for complex formation with relaxant in the central compartment, but insufficient for additional relaxant returning to central from peripheral compartments.[2]
Sugammadex has been shown to have affinity for two other aminosteroid neuromuscular blocking agents, vecuronium and pancuronium. Although sugammadex has a lower affinity for vecuronium than for rocuronium, reversal of vecuronium is still effective because fewer vecuronium molecules are present in vivo for equivalent blockade: vecuronium is approximately seven times more potent than rocuronium. Sugammadex encapsulates with a 1:1 ratio and therefore will adequately reverse vecuronium as there are fewer molecules to bind compared to rocuronium.[3] Shallow pancuronium blockade has been successfully reversed by sugammadex in phase III clinical trials.[4]
Efficacy
A study was carried out in Europe looking at its suitability in rapid sequence induction. It found that sugammadex provides a rapid and dose-dependent reversal of neuromuscular blockade induced by high-dose rocuronium.[5]
A Cochrane review on sugammadex concluded that “sugammadex was shown to be more effective than placebo (no medication) or neostigmine in reversing muscle relaxation caused by neuromuscular blockade during surgery and is relatively safe. Serious complications occurred in less than 1% of the patients who received sugammadex. The results of this review article (especially the safety results) need to be confirmed by future trials on larger patient populations”.[6]
Tolerability
Sugammadex was generally well tolerated in clinical trials in surgical patients or healthy volunteers. In pooled analyses, the tolerability profile of sugammadex was generally similar to that of placebo or neostigmine plus glycopyrrolate.[7]
History
Sugammadex was discovered by the pharmaceutical company Organon at the Newhouse Research Site in Scotland.[8] Organon was acquired by Schering-Plough in 2007; Schering-Plough merged with Merck in 2009. Sugammadex is now owned and sold by Merck.
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) initially rejected Schering-Plough’s New Drug Application for sugammadex in 2008,[9] but finally approved the medication for use in the United States on December 15, 2015.[10] Sugammadex was approved for use in the European Union on July 29, 2008.[11]
SYNTHESIS
Sugammadex (Trade name: Bridion) is first disclosed in US6670340 assigned to Akzo Nobel. Sugammadex sodium was approved in EMEA as an agent for reversal of neuromuscular blockade by the agent rocuronium in general anaesthesia in 2008 and is the first selective relaxant binding agent (SRBA).
Sugammadex sodium contains 8 recurring glucose units each with 5 asymmetric carbon atoms, in total 40 asymmetric carbon atoms for the whole molecule. Sugammadex is a modified γ-cyclodextrin, with a lipophilic core and a hydrophilic periphery. The gamma cyclodextrin has been modified from its natural state by placing eight carboxyl thio ether groups at the sixth carbon positions.
The US Patent 6670340 assigned to Akzo Nobel discloses a process for preparing Sugammadex sodium as depicted in Scheme-I:
Scheme-I
Sugammadex Sodium The first step in the process in the scheme-I involves the preparation of Vilsmeier Hack reagent by the reaction , of DMF, triphenylphosphine and Iodine. The triphenylphosphine oxide is formed as a byproduct of the first step. Removal of triphenylphosphine oxide from the product is very difficult from the reaction mass as it requires repeated washing with DMF under argon atmosphere, which leads to inconsistency in yield of final product Sugammadex. The second step involves the reaction of 6-perdeoxy-6-per-Iodo-Gamma cyclodextrin with 3-mercapto propionic acid in presence of alkali metal hydrides in an organic solvent to give 6-per-deoxy-6-per-(2-carboxyethyl)thio-y- cyclodextrin sodium salt.
The PCT publication WO2012/025937 discloses preparation of Sugammadex involving the reaction of gamma cyclodextrin with phosphorous halide in presence of organic solvent, thereby overcomes the formation of triphenyl phosphine oxide. The publication also discloses the use of 6-per deoxy-6-per- chloro-y-cyclodextrin in the preparation of the Sugammadex.
The purification techniques in the prior arts employ column chromatographic / membrane dialysis techniques which are costly and not convenient in large scale operations.
Sugammadex is a modified γ-cyclodextrin, with a lipophilic core and a hydrophilic periphery.
Sugammadex (designation Org 25969, trade name Bridion) is an agent for reversal of neuromuscular blockade by the agent rocuronium in general anaesthesia. It is the first selective relaxant binding agent (SRBA). This gamma cyclodextrin has been modified from its natural state by placing eight carboxyl thio ether groups at the sixth earbon positions. These extensions extend the cavity size allowing greater encapsulation of the rocuronium molecule. These negatively charged extensions electrostatically bind to the positively charged ammonium group as well as contribute to the aqueous nature of the cyclodextrin. Sugammadex’s binding encapsulation of rocuronium is one of the strongest among cyclodextrins and their guest molecules. The rocuronium molecule (a modified steroid) bound within Sugammadex’s lipophilic core, is rendered unavailable to bind to the acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction. Sugammadex sodium contains 8 recurring glucose units each with 5 asymmetric carbon atoms, in total 40 asymmetric carbon atoms for the whole molecule.
The Sugammadex was disclosed in US6670340 by Akzo Nobel. The process for preparing Sugammadex is there outlined as follows: (Scheme-I)
Scheme – 1 Suggamadex
above process step-1 involves the preparation of Vilsmeier Hack reagent by the reaction of DMF, triphenylphosphine and Iodine. Drawback associated with this step is formation of triphenylphosphine oxide as a byproduct. Removal of triphenylphosphine oxide is very difficult from the reaction; it requires repeated washing with DMF under argon atmosphere and leads to inconsistency in yield of final product. Due to this, process is lengthy and not feasible on commercial scale.
PATENT
https://www.google.com/patents/WO2012025937A1?cl=en
Suggamadex
The process of the invention is depicted in following
Formula – 1 Formula – lla
Scheme – III
scheme-IV
Suggamadex
Scheme – IV
[0018] The alkali metal hydrides are selected from the group consisting of sodium hydride, lithium hydride, potassium hydride preferably sodium hydride. [0019] The advantage of the present process is there that there is no formation of by product such as triphenylphosphine oxide, as present in prior art process. So, purification is not required which leads to better purity and yields for the intermediate as well as for final product.
[0020] Another advantage of the present invention is the significant difference between molecular weight of 6-per deoxy-6-per-chloro-y-cyclodextrin (Mol. wt. 1444) and the final product (Mol. wt. 2178). The use of 6-per deoxy-6-per- chforo-y-cyclodextrin instead of 6-per deoxy-6-per-bromo-y-cyclodextrin (Mol. wt. 1800) in the final stage‘ of the process would extend the scope of selection of appropriate dialysis membranes with precise molecular weight cut off and there by facilitate efficient purification of Sugammadex. The invention is further illustrated with following non-limiting examples:
Example: 1 Preparation of 6-perdeoxy-6-per-bromo Gamma Cyclodextrin
[0021] A portion of phosphorous pentachloride (256.5 g) was added in DMF (300 ml) at 0-5°C. Mixture was stirred at 20-25°C for lhr. A solution of gamma- cyclodextrin (50 g) in DMF (400ml) was added to above solution at 5-10°C under nitrogen. Mixture was stirred at 65 -70°C 14 hrs. The reaction mixture was cooled to 20 – 25°C and DMF was removed under vacuum. The viscous residue was diluted with water. 5M NaOH solution was added dropwise to the above solution at 5-10°C until PH=8, the resulting slurry was stirred for one hour at 20-25°C. The slurry was filtered under vacuum and washed with water and dried. The crude product was diluted with water and resulting slurry was stirred at 20-25uC for one hour. The slurry was filtered under vacuum and the solid dried at 55- 60°C under vacuum for 12hrs. (Yield – 94 – 98%, purity-98.5% by HPLC) Example: 2 Preparation of Sugammadax
[0022] To a mixture of sodium hydride (24.4 g) in DMF (150 ml) at 0-5°C, a solution of 3-mercapto propionic acid (23.7 ml, 10 eq) in DMF (50 ml) was added slowly under argon maintaining the temperature below 10 C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 20 -25°C for 30 mins. Then 6-deoxy-6-chloro gamma cyclodextrin (40 g) in DMF (400 ml) was added slowly at 5-10°C under argon and the resulting mixture was heated to 70-75°C for 12 hrs. Reaction mixture was cooled to 20 -25°C and DMF removed partially under vacuum and the reaction mixture is diluted with ethanol (600 ml). The resulting precipitate was stirred at 20 – 25°C for 1 hr and filtered under vacuum and the solid dried to afford the crude Sugammadex (wet) (100 g). The crude product was purified over silica gel and sephadex G-25 column using water as eluent. (Yield 60%)
CLIP
Sugammadex Sodium
- Synonyms:ORG-25969
- ATC:V03AB35
- MW:2178.02 g/mol
- CAS-RN:343306-79-6
Derivatives
free acid
- Formula:C72H112O48S8
- MW:2002.17 g/mol
- CAS-RN:343306-71-8
Substance Classes
Synthesis Path
Substances Referenced in Synthesis Path
| CAS-RN | Formula | Chemical Name | CAS Index Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17465-86-0 | C48H80O40 | γ-cyclodextrin | |
| 107-96-0 | C3H6O2S | 3-mercaptopropionic acid | Propanoic acid, 3-mercapto- |
| 53784-84-2 | C48H72Br8O32 | 6A,6B,6C,6D,6E,6F,6G,6H-octabromo-A,6B,6C,6D,6E,6F,6G,6H-octadeoxy-γ-cyclodextrin | |
| 168296-33-1 | C48H72I8O32 | 6A,6B,6C,6D,6E,6F,6G,6H-octadeoxy-A,6B,6C,6D,6E,6F,6G,6H-octaiodo-γ-cyclodextrin |
Trade Names
| Country | Trade Name | Vendor | Annotation |
|---|---|---|---|
| D | Lorem | Lorem ,2008 | |
| GB | Lorem | Lorem ,2008 | |
| USA | Lorem | Lorem |
Formulations
- Loremipsumdolor
References
-
- Adam, J. M. et al.: J. Med. Chem. (JMCMAR) 45, 1806-1818 (2002).
- Bom, A. et al.: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. (ACIEF5) 41, 266-270 (2002)
- US 9 999 999 (Akzo Nobel; 30.12.2003; appl. 19.8.2002; EP-prior. 29.11.1999)
PATENT
http://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2001040316A1?cl=en
PATENT
https://www.google.com/patents/WO2014125501A1?cl=en
EXAMPLES Example: 1 Preparation of 6-perdeoxy-6-per-chloro Gamma Cyclodextrin
256.8 g (0.62 Moles) of Phosphorous pentachloride was added to 400 ml of Dimethyformamide (DMF) at 25-30 °C and mixture was maintained for 1 hour at the same temperature. 100 g (0.04 Moles) of Gamma-cyclodextrin was gradually added to the reaction mixture at 25-30 °C under nitrogen. The temperature of the reaction mixture was raised to 65 -70 °C and maintained at the same temperature for 14 to 16 hrs. The reaction mixture was then slowly added to chilled water at 0- 15 °C. The pH of the reaction mass was adjusted to 7-8 with 30% solution of sodium hydroxide in water. The contents were stirred at 25-30 °C at 2 hours. The resultant solid was filtered and washed with water (200 ml). The wet solid was repeatedly washed with purified water at 25-30 °C and dried at 65-70 °C till the moisture level was reduced to less than 4.0%. The yield of the obtained product was 90% Example: 2 Preparation of Sugammadex sodium
To a mixture of 1 10.2 g, (15 equ.) 3-mercapto propionic acid and 800 ml Dimethyl formamide (DMF) , a 30% solution of sodium methoxide (373.9 g, 30 equ) in methanol was added at 20-25°C and stirred for 1 hour at the same temperature. The compound from example- 1 (100 g) was added to the reaction mixture at 25-30°Cand heated to 75-80°C and maintained at the 75-80°C for 12 to 14 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mass was cooled to 20- 25°C, then methanol (1000 ml) was added to the reaction mass and stirred for 2 hours at the same temperature. The resultant solid was filtered, washed with methanol (200 ml) and dried for 60-65°C for 8 hrs.
The crude product was dissolved in water (294 ml) and methanol (294 ml), treated with activated carbon (39.2 g, 20 % w/w) and was filtered through celite, washed the carbon cake with purified water (98 ml). The filtrate was heated to 50-55°C and slowly methanol (2646 ml) was added at the same temperature. The contents were cooled to 20 to 25°C and stirred for 2 hours at the same temperature. The resulted solid was washed with methanol (200 ml) and dried under vacuum at 60-65°C for 14 hours. The obtained product had yield of 70.34% and HPLC purity of 99.43 %.
Example-3
The Sugammadex prepared from example-2 was, dissolved in water ( 150 ml) and methanol (1 50 ml), treated with activated carbon (20 g) and filtered the carbon cake through celite bed and the carbon cake was washed with purified water (50 mL). The filtrate was heated to 50-55°C and added methanol (1350 ml) at the same temperature. The contents were cooled to 20 to 25°C and stirred for 2 hours at the same temperature. The resultant solid was washed with methanol (200 ml) and dried in vacuum at 70 – 75°C for 24 hrs. The obtained yield was 63%.
Schering-Plough’s sugammadex sodium, the first selective relaxant binding agent (SRBA), was approved last year
in the European Union. Sugammadex is a drug-specific cyclodextrin designed specifically to reverse the effects of the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide (Esmeron®/Zemuron®) when used as a component of general anesthesia during surgical procedures. Unlike other reversal agents, sugammadex can achieve reversal following rocuronium bromide administration within three minutes, regardless of the depth of block. Schering-Plough, which acquired the product via its acquisition of Organon BioSciences in late 2007, began marketing sugammadex in Sweden in September, 2008.
There are several reports on the syntheses of sugammadex, all following a similar three-step procedure [72-74]. Bromination of -cyclodexdrin 127 with the Vilsmeier-Haack reagent prepared by reaction of bromine with triphenylphospine in DMF gave the per-6-bromo--cyclodextrin 128 in 95-98% yield [73]. Nucleophilic displacement of the bromines of 128 with methyl 3-mercaptopropionate (129) and cesium carbonate at 50 °C in DMF gave 6-perdeoxy-6-per(2-methoxycarbonylethyl) thio--cyclodextrin 130 as a white powder.
Saponification of the esters of 130 was accomplished by reaction with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to provide
sugammadex (XVII) as a glassy solid in 52% yield for the 2 steps [72,74].
72 Hutchinson, E. J.; Palin, R.; Prosser, A.; Rees, D. C.; Rosair, G.M.; Stevenson, D.; Tarver, G. J.; Ming-Qiang Zhang, M.-Q. Cyclodextrin-Derived Host Molecules as Reversal Agents for the Neuromuscular
Blocker Rocuronium Bromide: Synthesis and StructureActivity Relationships J. Med. Chem., 2002, 45, 1806-
1816.
[73] Gorin, B. I.; Riopelle, R. J.; Thatcher, G. R. J. Efficient perfacial derivatization of cyclodextrins at the primary face. Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 37, 4647-4650.
[74] Zhang, M.-Q.; Palin, R.; Bennet, D. J. 6-Mercaptocyclodextrin derivatives, their preparation, and the use as reversal agents for drug-induced neuromuscular block. WO 0140316 A1, 2001.
PAL, Palash; (IN).
GINJUPALLI, Sadasiva Rao; (IN).
SHARMA, Uday; (IN).
CHOWDARY, Talluri Bhushaiah; (IN).
MANTRI, Anand Vijaykumar; (IN).
GADE, Bharath Reddy; (IN).
KULKARNI, Gaurav; (IN)
Sugammadex (Org 25969, Bridion) is chemically known as Cyclooctakis-(l-→4)-[6-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-6-thio-a-D-glucopyranosyl]. Sugammadex is an agent for reversal of neuromuscular blockade by the neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) rocuronium, vecuronium, pancuronium in general anesthesia. It is the first selective relaxant binding agent (SRBA). SRBAs are a new class of drugs that selectively encapsulates and binds NMBAs.
The word Sugammadex is derived from Su= Sugar and Gamma cyclodex = Cyclodextrin. Sugammadex is inert chemically and does not bind to any receptor. It acts by rapidly encapsulating steroidal NMBDs to form a stable complex at a 1 : 1 ratio and thus decreasing the free concentration of the drug from the plasma. This creates a concentration gradient favoring the movement of the remaining rocuronium molecules from the neuromuscular junction back into the plasma, where they are encapsulated by free Sugammadex molecules. The latter molecules also enter the tissues and form a complex with rocuronium. Therefore, the neuromuscular blockade of rocuronium is terminated rapidly by the diffusion of rocuronium away from the neuromuscular junction back into the plasma.
NMBDs are quaternary ammonium compounds with at least one charged nitrogen atom. Cyclodextrins have a lipophilic center but a hydrophilic outer core, attributable to negatively charged ions on their surface. These negatively charged ions on the surface of Sugammadex attract the positive charges of the quaternary ammonium relaxant, drawing the drug in to the central core of the cyclodextrin. The binding of the guest molecule into the host cyclodextrin occurs because of vander waal’s forces, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The structure of the cyclodextrin is such that all four hydrophobic rings of the steroidal relaxant fit tightly within the concentric doughnut forming an inclusion complex. This has been confirmed by calorimetry and X-ray crystallography. Such a reaction occurs in the plasma not at the neuromuscular junction and the concentration of free rocuronium in the plasma decrease rapidly after Sugammadex administration.
[0004] US 6670340 disclose process for preparation of Sugammadex sodium. The process as disclosed in example 4 of this patent involves reaction of iodo γ-cyclodextrin intermediate with 3-mercapto propionic acid in presence of sodium hydride and DMF to give 6-per-deoxy-6-per-(3-carboxyethyl)thio-Y-cyclodextrin, sodium salt (Sugammadex sodium). The preparation of iodo intermediate, 6-per-deoxy-6-per-iodo-y-cyclodextrin is as given in example 3 which involves reaction of γ-cyclodextrin with iodine in presence of triphenylphosphine (PPh3) and DMF. In practice, and to develop a process that has to be taken from lab scale to manufacturing scale, purity is one of the most important criteria. Since this process involves use of triphenylphosphine reagent there is formation of triphenylphosphine oxide as a by-product. Removal of triphenylphosphine oxide from the reaction mass is very difficult as it requires repeated washing with the solvent, which leads to inconsistency in yield of final product Sugammadex sodium. Furthermore, the product was dialysed for 36 hours to get pure compound. The dialysis purification is expensive and provides product in lower yield and hence such processes are not feasible and economical at industrial scale.
[0005] Another process for preparing the intermediate compound, 6-perdeoxy-6-per-chloro gamma cyclodextrin as disclosed in WO2012025937 involves use of phosphorous halide in particular, phosphorous pentachloride. WO2012025937 also disclose process for preparation of Sugammadex sodium using this intermediate which involves a) reaction of gamma-cyclodextrin with phosphorous pentachloride and dimethylformamide to obtain 6-perdeoxy-6-per-chloro gamma cyclodextrin and b) reaction of 6-perdeoxy-6-per-chloro gamma cyclodextrin with 3-mercapto propionic acid in presence of alkali metal hydrides and an organic solvent to give Sugammadex sodium. Preparation of chloro gamma cyclodextrine intermediate using phosphorous pentachloride is associated with formation of phosphorous impurities during the reaction, which are difficult to remove and also it involves tedious workup procedure.
[0006] WO2014125501 discloses preparation of 6-perdeoxy-6-per-chloro gamma cyclodextrin using phosphorous pentachloride (see example 1). The process as given in example 1 of this patent application was repeated by the present inventors. The first step provided yellow to brown mass which lacked the powder form and the flow properties. The mass was pasty at times and difficult to filter. Thus the process was unclean and tedious. Overall, no consistent product was obtained. WO2014125501 also disclose preparation of Sugammadex sodium using this intermediate which involves reaction of 6-perdeoxy-6-per-halo-gamma-cyclodextrin with 3-mercapto propionic acid in presence of alkali metal alkoxide such as sodium methoxide and organic solvent, the drawback of this this reaction is that it needs anhydrous conditions for completion of the reaction.
[0007] It has been reported that the generation of impurities and obtaining less pure compounds are major concerns with Sugammadex. Applicant Nippon Organon K.K.in their “Report on the Deliberation Results” submitted to Evaluation and Licensing Division, Pharmaceutical and Food Safety Bureau, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, mentions as follows:
For related substances, specifications for 14 different related substances (Related Substance A, Org 48301, Related Substance B, Related Substance D, Related Substance E, Related Substance F, Related Substance G, Related Substance H, Related Substance I, Related Substance J, Related Substance K, Related Substance L, Related Substance M, Related Substance N), other individual related substances, and total related substances have been set. In the course of regulatory review, the specifications limit for 4 different related substances (Related Substance A, Related Substance D, Related Substance F, Related Substance G) have been changed based on the results of batch analyses. For related substances (degradation products), specifications for Related Substance E, Related Substance I, Related Substance C, Related Substance G, Related Substance D, Related Substance K, other individual degradation products, and total degradation products have been established. In the course of regulatory review, a specification for Impurity A which arises in *** (hidden part) step has been newly set and the specification limits for individual degradation products have been changed based on the results of batch analyses and stability studies.
The cause for change of the colour of the drug product (the light yellow-brown colour darkened) was investigated using liquid chromatography -ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (LC-UV/VIS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), which suggested that trace amounts of varieties of unspecified degradation products (unidentified), instead of a single degradation product, were involved and in addition to *** investigated in formulation development, *** and *** content of the drug substance, *** and *** during the manufacture of the drug product, and *** were considered to affect the color of the drug product. Therefore, *** and *** have been included in the drug substance specification and the relevant manufacturing process steps have been improved.
[0008] In view of the above it is clear that Sugammadex is not only prone to degradation but traces of degradation impurities affect and change the colour to yellowish brown and makes it unacceptable in quality. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully select the process to prepare pure Sugammadex sodium.
[0009] The reported purification techniques for Sugammadex sodium employ column chromatographic and membrane dialysis which are costly and not convenient in large scale operations. Therefore, the reported processes for preparation of Sugammadex sodium as discussed herein are time consuming and not economically and industrially viable.
Thus, there exist a need to provide a process of preparation of Sugammadex sodium which is simple, convenient, with easy work up procedure, economically efficient and the one which provides Sugammadex sodium in good yield and high purity.
Figure 2 is 1HNMR of 6-perdeoxy-6-per-chloro gamma cyclodextrin
Figure 6 is 1HNMR of Sugammadex prepared according to example 6
Figure 7 is 13CNMR of Sugammadex prepared according to example 6
Figure 12 is 1HNMR of Sugammadex prepared according to example 8
SEE PATENT PLEASE
Figure 13 is HPLC profile of Sugammadex prepared according to process of example 1 of WO2014125501.
scheme 1.
scheme 2.
the process for preparation of Sugammadex sodium comprising reaction of 6-perdeoxy-6-per-chloro gamma cyclodextrin (Formula II) with 3-mercaptopropionic acid in presence of alkali metal amide selected from lithium amide, sodium amide (sodamide) or potassium amide to get Sugammadex sodium.
Sugammadex Sodium
scheme 4.
the present invention provides process for preparation of Sugammadex comprising reacting the acid of Sugammadex of formula (IV) with sodium hydroxide to form Sugammadex sodium of formula (I).
Formula IV Formula I
Scheme 6
scheme 7.
scheme 8.
scheme 9.
Examples
Example 1
[0079] Preparation of 6-perdeoxy-6-per-chloro gammacyclodextrin
In a four-neck round bottomed flask (2L) equipped with mechanical stirrer, thermometer pocket in a tub charged anhydrous DMF (250ml) under nitrogen atmosphere. Triphosgene (36.5g, 0.123mol) was added to the flask at 0-15°C and the mixture was stirred for lh. Dry gamma cyclodextrin (20g, 0.015mol) was added to the obtained slurry with stirring for 30 min followed by addition of DMF (50ml). The reaction mixture was heated at 65-70°C 16 h. After the completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled and diisopropyl ether (800ml) was charged to the mixture to precipitate out the material. The solvent mixture of DMF and diisopropyl ether was decanted off from the reaction mixture to obtain gummy brown mass. The reaction mass was treated with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (800ml) which leads to precipitation of the solid. The precipitated solid was filtered, washed with the water (250x3ml) and dried. This compound was used for the next step without any purification.
Yield: 95%, HPLC Purity: 99%
Example 2
[0080] Preparation of 6-perdeoxy-6-per-chloro gamma-cyclodextrin
In a 5L four-necked flask equipped with stirrer, dropping funnel, nitrogen inlet, and thermometer with pocket, oxalyl chloride (293.8g, 198.5ml, 2315mmol) was added to DMF (1200 ml) and maintained the mixture at 0-5°C under nitrogen followed by stirring at 20-25°C for lhr. A solution of gamma-cyclodextrin (lOOg, 77.16mmol) in DMF (500ml) was added to above mixture at 5-10°C under nitrogen. The mixture was stirred at 65-70°C for 14- 16 hr. After the completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to 20-25°C and diluted with diisopropyl ether (1.2L). The organic layer was decanted and the viscous residue was treated with 10% NaOH solution at 5- 10°C until PH = 8. The resulting slurry was stirred for one hour at 20-25°C. The slurry was filtered under vacuum and the solid was washed with water (3 x 500ml) and dried under vacuum. The crude material was suspended in methanol (750ml), stirred for 30min, filtered under vacuum and washed with diisopropyl ether (500ml). The solid obtained was dried at 55- 60°C in an oven for 12-16hr to afford the titled compound (95g).
Yield: 85%, Purity: 98%, melting point: 226-228°C
lH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 6.0 (br s., 16 H), 4.99 (m, 8 H), 4.04 (d, J = 10 Hz, 8 H), 3.87
– 3.78 (m, 16H), 3.64 – 3.56 (m, 8 H), 3.46 – 3.34 (m, 16 H) ppm.
13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 101.98, 82.93, 72.30, 72.16, 71.11, 44.92 ppm.
Mass: m/z (M+Na)+ calcd for 
1463.14; found: 1463.06.
Example 3
[0081] Preparation of 6-perdeoxy-6-per-chloro gamma-cyclodextrin
In a clean, dried 50L glass reactor equipped with stirrer, dropping funnel, nitrogen inlet, and thermometer with pocket was charged anhydrous dimethylformamide (15L, moisture content NMT 0.4%) while maintaining the temperature at 0-5°C (using dry ice acetone bath). Oxalyl chloride (2L, 23635mmol, 30eq) was added slowly over a period 4-5hr (while maintaining the temperature below 5°C) and stirring was continued for lhr at the same temperature. A solution of dry gamma-cyclodextrin (1.0kg, 770.94mmol) dissolved in dimethylformamide (5L) was added slowly into the above reaction mixture. The solution was heated at 65-70°C for 16hr. The reaction was monitored by TLC at regular intervals. After the completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diisopropyl ether (10L) was added to the reaction mixture with stirring. The gummy solid precipitate out. The upper layer solvent was decanted, the gummy brown material was cooled to 0 to 5°C and was neutralized (pH 8.0) with slow addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (20%, 5L) with stirring. The slurry obtained was stirred for lhr at temperature 0 to 5°C. The precipitate was filtered, washed with the water (3 x 2L) and dried under vacuum. The wet cake was suspended into methanol (10L), stirred, filtered, washed with diisopropyl ether (2L) and dried in oven at 60°C for 14-16hr to give the titled compound (980g). Yield: 87.9%, Purity: 98.1% as measured by HPLC.
Example 4
[0082] Preparation of Sugammadex sodium
In a four-neck round bottomed flask (3L) equipped with mechanical stirrer, thermometer pocket in a tub under the nitrogen atmosphere, anhydrous DMF (300ml) and 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (18.3g, 0.172mol) were charged at 0-5°C followed by addition of sodamide (20g, O.38mol). The reaction mixture was stirred at the same temperature for lh. 6-perdeoxy-6-per-chloro gamma cyclodextrin (25g, 0.017mol, as obtained in example 1) was charged slowly. The reaction mixture was heated at 90-95°C for 16h. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and methanol (300ml) was added to it. The mixture was stirred and the precipitated material was filtered off. The precipitated material was dissolved in a mixture of methanol (50ml) and water (50ml) and re-precipitated with the excess addition of methanol (450ml). The solid was filtered and dried. Yield: 76%
The dried solid was purified by the preparative HPLC method using formic acid buffer in mixture of acetonitrile and water (80:20%) followed by lyophilization to get acid of Sugammadex which is further converted to Sugammadex sodium using sodium hydroxide.
Example 5
[0083] Preparation of Sugammadex sodium
In a four-neck round bottomed flask (5L) equipped with mechanical stirrer, thermometer pocket in a tub under the nitrogen atmosphere, anhydrous DMF (1500ml) and 3-mercaptopropionic acid (HOg, 1038mmol) were charged at 0-5°C followed by addition of sodamide (81g, 2077mmol). The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for lh. 6-perdeoxy-6-per-chloro gamma cyclodextrin (lOOg, 69.25mmol, as obtained in example 1) was charged slowly. Extra DMF (500ml) was added to the mixture. The temperature of the mixture was raised to 80-85°C and maintained for 16h. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and methanol (1500 ml) was added to it. The mixture was stirred and the precipitated material was filtered off. The precipitated material (wet cake) was dissolved in a mixture of methanol (800ml) and water (800ml). Charcoal (50g) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30mins at 50-55°C. The solution was filtered off through a pad of celite. Methanol (2500ml) was added the solution and precipitated solid was filtered and dried furnishing the titled compound (105g). Yield: 69.6%, Purity: 85.3%.
Example 6
[0084] Preparation of Sugammadex sodium
A clean, dried 10L four neck flask equipped with stirrer, dropping funnel, nitrogen inlet, and thermometer with pocket, was charged with a solution of sodium hydroxide (83g, 2077mmol) dissolved in water (100ml) followed by addition of anhydrous DMF (2L) maintained under inert atmosphere using nitrogen. A solution of 3-mercapto propionic acid (HOg, 1037mmol) in DMF (1L) was added slowly under nitrogen maintaining the temperature between 0-5°C. The mixture was stirred for another lhr at this temperature. A mixture of 6-deoxy-6-chloro gamma cyclodextrin (lOOg, 69mmol) in DMF (1L) was added slowly at 5-10°C. The resulting mixture was heated to 75-80°C for 16-20hr. After the completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to 25-30°C and methanol (1.5L) was added into the reaction mixture, the resulting precipitate was stirred at 20-25°C, filtered, and dried under vacuum. The dried solid was dissolved in water (1L), treated with activated carbon (50 g, 5%) at 50°C, stirred and filtered through celite. The filtrate was stirred at 60°C and excess methanol (2.5L) was added slowly to the filtrate to get the precipitate. The precipitated material was filtered under vacuum as white solid, washed with methanol (500ml) and dried in oven to give pure Sugammadex sodium (90 g).
Yield: 90 g, Purity: 91.2%.
lU NMR (400 MHz, D20): δ 5.09 (m, 8H); 3.98-3.94 (m, 8H); 3.88-3.83 (m, 8H); 3.58-3.52 (m, 16H); 3.07-3.01 (m, 8H); 2.92-2.87 (m, 8H); 2.78-2.74 (m, 16H); 2.34-2.47 (m, 16H) ppm.
13C NMR (100 MHz, D20): δ 180.18, 100.60, 81.96, 72.14, 71.84, 70.72, 37.24, 32.83, 29.06 ppm. Mass: m/z (M-Na7+H6)+ calcd for C72HnoNa048S8: 2023.12; found: 2023.39.
Example 7
Preparation of Sugammadex acid (Compound of formula IV)
In a clean, dried 5L four neck flask equipped with stirrer, dropping funnel, nitrogen inlet, and thermometer with pocket was charged dimethylformamide (1500ml) followed by addition of potassium hydroxide (194.0 g, 3464mmol) and the mixture maintained at 0-5°C. A solution of 3-mercapto propionic acid (186.35g, 153.0ml, 1756mmol) in DMF (500ml) was added to the reactor over a period of 30 minutes under nitrogen while maintaining the temperature between 0-5°C. The
resulting mixture was stirred at this temperature for 60 minutes. A solution of 6-deoxy-6-chloro gamma cyclodextrin (lOOg, 69.22mmol) in DMF (500ml) was added to the flask. The resulting mixture was heated at 110-120°C for 1.5-2hr while monitoring the progress of the reaction through HPLC. After completion of the reaction, the temperature of the reaction mixture was brought to 40-50°C and methanol (1000ml) was added to the mixture. The resulted precipitate was stirred at 20-25°C for lhr, filtered under vacuum and washed with methanol (500ml). The wet solid was dissolved in water (2000ml) with vigorous stirring and the solution was acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid to give the white solid precipitate. The precipitated solid was filtered and suspended in ethyl acetate (500 ml), stirred for 30 minutes and filtered. The solid was dried to afford the titled compound (75g).
Yield: 55%, Purity: 95.8% as measured by HPLC.
lH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 5.94 (br. s, 16H), 3.82-3.73 (m, 8H), 3.63-3.54 (m, 8H), 3.43-3.32 (m, 16H), 3.08-3.02 (m, 8H), 2.89-2.81 (m, 8H), 2.78-2.72 (m, 16H), 2.55-2.43 (m, 16H) ppm.
13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 173.00, 102.01, 83.94, 72.45, 72.33, 71.36, 34.53, 33.08, 27.87 ppm.
Mass: m/z (M-H2+K) + calcd for C72Hno048S8K: 2039.24; found: 2039.26.
Example 8
Preparation of Sugammadex Sodium
In a clean, dried 3L four neck flask equipped with stirrer, dropping funnel, nitrogen inlet, and thermometer with pocket, the compound (75g) as obtained in example 4 was dissolved in solution of sodium hydroxide (37.5g, 0.937mol) in water (100ml) and methanol (100ml). The pH of resultant mixture was maintained between 8-10. To this mixture methanol (1.5L) was slowly added at room temperature and the mixture was stirred for additional 30 minutes. The precipitated white solid was filtered off under vacuum and thoroughly washed with methanol (500ml). The solid was dried at 50°C under vacuum oven for 24hr to afford Sugammadex sodium (79g).
Yield: 96.9%, Purity: 95.5% measured by HPLC.
| Cited Patent | Filing date | Publication date | Applicant | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012025937A1 | Aug 23, 2011 | Mar 1, 2012 | Ramamohan Rao Davuluri | Improved process for preparation of sugammadex |
| US5569756 * | Mar 21, 1995 | Oct 29, 1996 | American Maize-Products Company | Purification of chemically modified cyclodextrins |
| US6670340 | Nov 23, 2000 | Dec 30, 2003 | Akzo Nobel | 6-Mercapto-cyclodextrin derivatives:reversal agents for drug-induced neuromuscular block |
| Cited Patent | Filing date | Publication date | Applicant | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001040316A1 * | Nov 23, 2000 | Jun 7, 2001 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | 6-mercapto-cyclodextrin derivatives: reversal agents for drug-induced neuromuscular block |
| US6670340 | Nov 23, 2000 | Dec 30, 2003 | Akzo Nobel | 6-Mercapto-cyclodextrin derivatives:reversal agents for drug-induced neuromuscular block |
| Reference | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 | * | KAZIMIERZ CHMURSKI ET AL.: “An Improved Synthesis of 6-Deoxyhalo Cyclodextrins via Halomethylenemorpholinium Halides Vilsmeier-Haack Type Reagents.“, TETRAHEDRON LETTERS, vol. 38, no. 42, 1997, pages 7365 – 7368, XP004111215 |
| 2 | * | See also references of EP2609120A4 |
| Citing Patent | Filing date | Publication date | Applicant | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014125501A1 | Apr 8, 2013 | Aug 21, 2014 | Neuland Laboratories Limited | An improved process for preparation of sugammadex sodium |
| WO2015181224A1 | May 27, 2015 | Dec 3, 2015 | Universitaet Des Saarlandes | Novel water soluble 6-thioalkyl-cyclodextrins and uses thereof |
FDA Orange Book Patents
| FDA Orange Book Patents: 1 of 3 | |
|---|---|
| Patent | 6949527 |
| Expiration | Jan 27, 2021 |
| Applicant | ORGANON SUB MERCK |
| Drug Application | N022225 (Prescription Drug: BRIDION. Ingredients: SUGAMMADEX SODIUM) |
| FDA Orange Book Patents: 2 of 3 | |
|---|---|
| Patent | 7265099 |
| Expiration | Aug 7, 2020 |
| Applicant | ORGANON SUB MERCK |
| Drug Application | N022225 (Prescription Drug: BRIDION. Ingredients: SUGAMMADEX SODIUM) |
| FDA Orange Book Patents: 3 of 3 | |
|---|---|
| Patent | RE44733 |
| Expiration | Jan 27, 2021 |
| Applicant | ORGANON SUB MERCK |
| Drug Application | N022225 (Prescription Drug: BRIDION. Ingredients: SUGAMMADEX SODIUM) |
References
- Jump up^ Miller R (2007). “Sugammadex: an opportunity to change the practice of anesthesiology?”. Anesth Analg. 104 (3): 477–8. doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000255645.64583.e8. PMID 17312188.
- Jump up^ Eleveld DJ; Kuizenga, K; Proost, JH; Wierda, JM (2008). “A Temporary Decrease in Twitch Response During Reversal of Rocuronium-Induced Muscle Relaxation with a Small Dose of Sugammadex”. Anesth Analg. 104 (3): 582–4. doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000250617.79166.7f. PMID 17312212.
- Jump up^ Welliver M (2006). “New drug sugammadex; A selective relaxant binding agent”. AANA J 74(5): 357–363. PMID 17048555
- Jump up^ Decoopman M (2007). “Reversal of pancuronium-induced block by the selective relaxant binding agent sugammadex”. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 24(Suppl 39):110-111.
- Jump up^ Pühringer FK, Rex C, Sielenkämper AW, et al. (August 2008). “Reversal of profound, high-dose rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade by sugammadex at two different time points: an international, multicenter, randomized, dose-finding, safety assessor-blinded, phase II trial”. Anesthesiology. 109 (2): 188–97. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31817f5bc7. PMID 18648227.
- Jump up^ Abrishami A, Ho J, Wong J, Yin L, Chung F. (October 2009). Abrishami, Amir, ed. “Sugammadex, a selective reversal medication for preventing postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade”. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD007362. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007362.pub2. PMID 19821409.
- Jump up^ Yang LPH, Keam SJ.[1].Drugs 2009;69(7):919-942. doi:10.2165/00003495-200969070-00008.
- Jump up^ Naguib M (2007). “Sugammadex: another milestone in clinical neuromuscular pharmacology.”. Anesth Analg 104(3): 575–81. PMID 17312211
- Jump up^ “U.S. FDA Issues Action Letter for Sugammadex” (Press release). Schering-Plough. 2008-08-01. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
- Jump up^ “FDA approves Bridion to reverse effects of neuromuscular blocking drugs used during surgery” (Press release). Food and Drug Administration. 2015-12-15. Retrieved 2015-12-15.
- Jump up^ “BRIDION(R) (sugammadex) Injection – First and Only Selective Relaxant Binding Agent – Approved in European Union” (Press release). Schering-Plough. 2008-07-29. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
- http://www.aana.com/newsandjournal/documents/p357-363_sugammadex.pdf
REFERENCES
1: Takazawa T, Mitsuhata H, Mertes PM. Sugammadex and rocuronium-induced anaphylaxis. J Anesth. 2016 Apr;30(2):290-7. doi: 10.1007/s00540-015-2105-x. Epub 2015 Dec 8. Review. PubMed PMID: 26646837; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4819478.
2: Abad-Gurumeta A, Ripollés-Melchor J, Casans-Francés R, Espinosa A, Martínez-Hurtado E, Fernández-Pérez C, Ramírez JM, López-Timoneda F, Calvo-Vecino JM; Evidence Anaesthesia Review Group. A systematic review of sugammadex vs neostigmine for reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Anaesthesia. 2015 Dec;70(12):1441-52. doi: 10.1111/anae.13277. Review. PubMed PMID: 26558858.
3: Ledowski T. Sugammadex: what do we know and what do we still need to know? A review of the recent (2013 to 2014) literature. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2015 Jan;43(1):14-22. Review. PubMed PMID: 25579285.
4: Partownavid P, Romito BT, Ching W, Berry AA, Barkulis CT, Nguyen KP, Jahr JS. Sugammadex: A Comprehensive Review of the Published Human Science, Including Renal Studies. Am J Ther. 2015 Jul-Aug;22(4):298-317. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000103. Review. PubMed PMID: 25299638.
5: Jahr JS, Miller JE, Hiruma J, Emaus K, You M, Meistelman C. Sugammadex: A Scientific Review Including Safety and Efficacy, Update on Regulatory Issues, and Clinical Use in Europe. Am J Ther. 2015 Jul-Aug;22(4):288-97. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000092. Review. PubMed PMID: 25299637.
6: de Boer HD, Shields MO, Booij LH. Reversal of neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex in patients with myasthenia gravis: a case series of 21 patients and review of the literature. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2014 Dec;31(12):715-21. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000153. Review. PubMed PMID: 25192270.
7: Tsur A, Kalansky A. Hypersensitivity associated with sugammadex administration: a systematic review. Anaesthesia. 2014 Nov;69(11):1251-7. doi: 10.1111/anae.12736. Epub 2014 May 22. Review. PubMed PMID: 24848211.
8: Luxen J, Trentzsch H, Urban B. [Rocuronium and sugammadex in emergency medicine: requirements of a muscle relaxant for rapid sequence induction]. Anaesthesist. 2014 Apr;63(4):331-7. doi: 10.1007/s00101-014-2303-1. Review. German. PubMed PMID: 24595442.
9: Fuchs-Buder T, Meistelman C, Raft J. Sugammadex: clinical development and practical use. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2013 Dec;65(6):495-500. doi: 10.4097/kjae.2013.65.6.495. Epub 2013 Dec 26. Review. PubMed PMID: 24427454; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3888841.
10: Dubois PE, Mulier JP. A review of the interest of sugammadex for deep neuromuscular blockade management in Belgium. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 2013;64(2):49-60. Review. PubMed PMID: 24191526.
11: Van Gestel L, Cammu G. Is the effect of sugammadex always rapid in onset? Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 2013;64(2):41-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 24191525.
12: Schaller SJ, Fink H. Sugammadex as a reversal agent for neuromuscular block: an evidence-based review. Core Evid. 2013;8:57-67. doi: 10.2147/CE.S35675. Epub 2013 Sep 25. Review. PubMed PMID: 24098155; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3789633.
13: Nag K, Singh DR, Shetti AN, Kumar H, Sivashanmugam T, Parthasarathy S. Sugammadex: A revolutionary drug in neuromuscular pharmacology. Anesth Essays Res. 2013 Sep-Dec;7(3):302-6. doi: 10.4103/0259-1162.123211. Review. PubMed PMID: 25885973; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4173552.
14: Karalapillai D, Kaufman M, Weinberg L. Sugammadex. Crit Care Resusc. 2013 Mar;15(1):57-62. Review. PubMed PMID: 23432503.
15: Øberg E, Claudius C. [Possible clinical potential in reverting muscular block with sugammadex in anaesthesia and surgery]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2013 Feb 11;175(7):428-32. Review. Danish. PubMed PMID: 23402253.
16: Della Rocca G, Di Marco P, Beretta L, De Gaudio AR, Ori C, Mastronardi P. Do we need to use sugammadex at the end of a general anesthesia to reverse the action of neuromuscular bloking agents? Position Paper on Sugammadex use. Minerva Anestesiol. 2013 Jun;79(6):661-6. Epub 2012 Nov 29. Review. PubMed PMID: 23192221.
17: Stair C, Fernandez-Bustamante A. Sugammadex, the first selective relaxant binding agent for neuromuscular block reversal. Drugs Today (Barc). 2012 Jun;48(6):405-13. doi: 10.1358/dot.2012.48.6.1813474. Review. PubMed PMID: 22745926.
18: Baldo BA, McDonnell NJ, Pham NH. The cyclodextrin sugammadex and anaphylaxis to rocuronium: is rocuronium still potentially allergenic in the inclusion complex form? Mini Rev Med Chem. 2012 Jul;12(8):701-12. Review. PubMed PMID: 22512555.
19: Fuchs-Buder T, Meistelman C, Schreiber JU. Is sugammadex economically viable for routine use. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2012 Apr;25(2):217-20. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e32834f012d. Review. PubMed PMID: 22157200.
20: Baldo BA, McDonnell NJ, Pham NH. Drug-specific cyclodextrins with emphasis on sugammadex, the neuromuscular blocker rocuronium and perioperative anaphylaxis: implications for drug allergy. Clin Exp Allergy. 2011 Dec;41(12):1663-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03805.x. Epub 2011 Jul 7. Review. PubMed PMID: 21732999.
BRIDION (sugammadex) injection, for intravenous use, contains sugammadex sodium, a modified gamma cyclodextrin chemically designated as 6A,6B,6C,6D,6E,6F,6G,6H-Octakis-S-(2-carboxyethyl)6A,6B,6C,6D,6E,6F,6G,6H-octathio-γ-cyclodextrin sodium salt (1:8) with a molecular weight of 2178.01. The structural formula is:
 |
BRIDION is supplied as a sterile, non-pyrogenic aqueous solution that is clear, colorless to slightly yellow-brown for intravenous injection only. Each mL contains 100 mg sugammadex, which is equivalent to 108.8 mg sugammadex sodium. The aqueous solution is adjusted to a pH of between 7 and 8 with hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide. The osmolality of the product is between 300 and 500 mOsmol/kg.
BRIDION may contain up to 7 mg/mL of the mono OH-derivative of sugammadex [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. This derivative is chemically designated as 6A,6B,6C,6D,6E,6F,6G-Heptakis-S-(2carboxyethyl)-6A,6B,6C,6D,6E,6F,6G-heptathio-γ-cyclodextrin sodium salt (1:7) with a molecular weight of 2067.90. The structural formula is:
 |
| Patent Number | Pediatric Extension | Approved | Expires (estimated) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6949527 | No | 2001-01-27 | 2021-01-27 | |
| US7265009 | No | 2005-02-24 | 2020-08-07 | |
| US7265099 | No | 2000-08-07 | 2020-08-07 | |
| USRE44733 | No | 2001-01-27 | 2021-01-27 |
 |
|
 |
|
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| License data | |
| Routes of administration |
Intravenous |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 343306-79-6  |
| ATC code | V03AB35 (WHO) |
| PubChem | CID 6918584 |
| ChemSpider | 5293781 |
| UNII | 361LPM2T56  |
| KEGG | D05940 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:90952 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C72H104Na8O48S8 |
| Molar mass | 2178 g/mol |
| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image |
/////////SUGAMMADEX, Sugammadex Sodium, D05940, SUYDEX SODIUM, UNII-ERJ6X2MXV7, fda 2015, bridion, Org25969, Org-25969, Org 25969, 361LPM2T56
O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O[C@H]3O[C@H](CSCCC(O)=O)[C@@H](O[C@H]4O[C@H](CSCCC(O)=O)[C@@H](O[C@H]5O[C@H](CSCCC(O)=O)[C@@H](O[C@H]6O[C@H](CSCCC(O)=O)[C@@H](O[C@H]7O[C@H](CSCCC(O)=O)[C@@H](O[C@H]8O[C@H](CSCCC(O)=O)[C@@H](O[C@H]9O[C@H](CSCCC(O)=O)[C@@H](O[C@H]1O[C@@H]2CSCCC(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H]9O)[C@H](O)[C@H]8O)[C@H](O)[C@H]7O)[C@H](O)[C@H]6O)[C@H](O)[C@H]5O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O
O=C(O[Na])CCSC[C@@H]1OC(O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](O)C(O[C@H]3[C@H](CSCCC(O[Na])=O)OC(O[C@H]4[C@H](CSCCC(O[Na])=O)OC5[C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O)O[C@H]2CSCCC(O[Na])=O)O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(O[C@@H](CSCCC(O[Na])=O)[C@H](OC6[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC7[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC8[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O5)[C@H](CSCCC(O[Na])=O)O8)[C@H](CSCCC(O[Na])=O)O7)[C@H](CSCCC(O[Na])=O)O6)[C@H]9O)[C@H]9O
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