CP 11

	Scheme 10 Synthesis of C60-PGN and C60-GAP.

It has been calculated that the enthalpy of formation of Cp-5 is 2782.2 kJ mol⁻¹, while its detonation velocity and pressure are 3282 km s⁻¹ and 4.443 GPa, respectively.¹¹² Upon complete combustion, the total heat of combustion for Cp-5 is 2.17 × 10⁵ kJ mol⁻¹ due to its high carbon content. It seems that this compound may not be useful as the main ingredient of an explosive or a propellant but it might be a good additive for heat-generating energetic compositions. To improve the energetic content of fullerene derivatives, more nitro groups can be introduced on the fullerene skeleton. Such a strategy has been recently attempted, where a high-nitrogen-content derivative, C₆₀(NO₂)₁₄ (FP, CP-10), was prepared and characterized,¹¹³ using a prolonged treatment of C₆₀ in benzene with very high concentrations of N₂O₄. However, Cp-10 is not so thermally stable and it deflagrates when heated above 170 °C in nitrogen or air, releasing a considerable amount of heat. This compound may be used as a powerful explosive, depending on its sensitivity, which has not been reported. In addition to the nitro-derivatives of fullerene, fullerene nitrates have also been reported that can be used in propellant compositions as energetic burn rate modifiers. As a typical example, fullerene ethylenediamine nitrate (Cp-11, FEDN) was synthesized by reacting fullerene and ethylenediamine in diluted nitric acid (Scheme ).¹¹⁴

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http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2016/nr/c5nr07855e

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