DASATINIB

DASATINIB

ダサチニブ水和物

BMS 354825

863127-77-9 HYDRATE, USAN, BAN INN, JAN
UNII: RBZ1571X5H

302962-49-8 FREE FORM Dasatinib anhydrous USAN, INN

Molecular Formula, C22-H26-Cl-N7-O2-S.H2-O, Molecular Weight, 506.0282

A pyrimidine and thiazole derived ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT and PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR of BCR-ABL KINASE. It is used in the treatment of patients with CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA who are resistant or intolerant to IMATINIB.

An orally bioavailable synthetic small molecule-inhibitor of SRC-family protein-tyrosine kinases. Dasatinib binds to and inhibits the growth-promoting activities of these kinases. Apparently because of its less stringent binding affinity for the BCR-ABL kinase, dasatinib has been shown to overcome the resistance to imatinib of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells harboring BCR-ABL kinase domain point mutations. SRC-family protein-tyrosine kinases interact with a variety of cell-surface receptors and participate in intracellular signal transduction pathways; tumorigenic forms can occur through altered regulation or expression of the endogenous protein and by way of virally-encoded kinase genes. (NCI Thesaurus)

5-Thiazolecarboxamide, N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl)amino)-, monohydrate

Synthesis ReferenceUS6596746

DASATINIB ANHYDROUS

• KIN 001-5
• NSC 759877
• Sprycel

• 302962-49-8 Dasatinib anhydrous
• 5-THIAZOLECARBOXAMIDE, N-(2-CHLORO-6-METHYLPHENYL)-2-((6-(4-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)-1-PIPERAZINYL)-2-METHYL-4-PYRIMIDINYL)AMINO)-
• BMS-354825
• DASATINIB [INN]
• DASATINIB [MI]
• DASATINIB [WHO-DD]
• DASATINIB ANHYDROUS

• Orange Book

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021986s000_Sprycel__ChemR.pdf

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2007/021986_s001_s002.pdf

SPRYCEL (dasatinib) is an inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases.

The chemical name for dasatinib is N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-[[6-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2- methyl-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide, monohydrate. The molecular formula is C22H26ClN7O2S • H2O, which corresponds to a formula weight of 506.02 (monohydrate).

The anhydrous free base has a molecular weight of 488.01. Dasatinib has the following chemical structure: Dasatinib is a white to off-white powder and has a melting point of 280°–286° C.

The drug substance is insoluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol and methanol. SPRYCEL tablets are white to off-white, biconvex, film-coated tablets containing dasatinib, with the following inactive ingredients: lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and magnesium stearate. The tablet coating consists of hypromellose, titanium dioxide, and polyethylene glycol

 Clip

https://www.pharmainbrief.com/files/2017/09/A-106-17-20170918-Reasons.pdf

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/appletter/2016/202103Orig1s000ltr.pdf

U.S. Patent Number Expiration Date 6,596,746 (the ‘746 patent) June 28, 2020

7,125,875 (the ‘875 patent) April 13, 2020

7,153,856 (the ‘856 patent) April 28, 2020

7,491,725 (the ‘725 patent) March 28, 2026

8,680,103 (the ‘103 patent) February 4, 2025

Drug Name：

Dasatinib Hydrate

Research Code：

BMS-354825

Trade Name：

Sprycel^®

MOA：

Kinase inhibitor

Indication：

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL); Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML )

Status：

Approved

Company：

Bristol-Myers Squibb (Originator)

Sales：

$1,620 Million (Y2015); 
$1,493 Million (Y2014);
$1,280 Million (Y2013);
$1,019 Million (Y2012);
$803 Million (Y2011);

ATC Code：

L01XE06

• US
• EU
• JP
• CN

SPRYCEL (dasatinib) is a kinase inhibitor. The chemical name for dasatinib is N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-[[6-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide, monohydrate. The molecular formula is C₂₂H₂₆ClN₇O₂S • H₂O, which corresponds to a formula weight of 506.02 (monohydrate). The anhydrous free base has a molecular weight of 488.01. Dasatinib has the following chemical structure:

 

Dasatinib is a white to off-white powder. The drug substance is insoluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol and methanol.

SPRYCEL tablets are white to off-white, biconvex, film-coated tablets containing dasatinib, with the following inactive ingredients: lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and magnesium stearate. The tablet coating consists of hypromellose, titanium dioxide, and polyethylene glycol.

Dasatinib hydrate was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on June 28, 2006, then approved by European Medicine Agency (EMA) on Nov 20, 2006, and approved by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) on Jan 21, 2009. It was developed and marketed as Sprycel^® by Bristol Myers Squibb in the US.

Dasatinibhydrate is a kinase inhibitor.It is indicated for the treatment ofchronic myeloid leukemia and acutelymphoblastic leukemia.

Sprycel^® is available as film-coatedtabletfor oral use, containing 20, 50, 70, 80, 100 or 140 mg offreeDasatinib. The recommended dose is 100 mg once daily forchronic myeloid leukemia. Another dose is 140 mg once daily for accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukemia, myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia, or Ph+ acutelymphoblastic leukemia.

Dasatinib, also known as BMS-354825, is an orally bioavailable synthetic small molecule-inhibitor of SRC-family protein-tyrosine kinases. Dasatinib binds to and inhibits the growth-promoting activities of these kinases. Apparently because of its less stringent binding affinity for the BCR-ABL kinase, dasatinib has been shown to overcome the resistance to imatinib of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells harboring BCR-ABL kinase domain point mutations.

Dasatinib, sold under the brand name Sprycel among others, is a targeted therapy medication used to treat certain cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).^[3] Specifically it is used to treat cases that are Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+).^[3] It is taken by mouth.^[3]

Common adverse effects include low white blood cells, low blood platelets, anemia, swelling, rash, and diarrhea.^[3] Severe adverse effects may include bleeding, pulmonary edema, heart failure, and prolonged QT syndrome.^[3] Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby.^[3] It is a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor and works by blocking a number of tyrosine kinases such as Bcr-Abl and the Src kinase family.^[3]

Dasatinib was approved for medical use in the United States and in the European Union in 2006.^[3][2] It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines.

Medical uses

Dasatinib is used to treat people with chronic myeloid leukemia and people with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who are positive for the Philadelphia chromosome.^[5]

In the EU dasatinib is indicated for children with

• newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia in chronic phase (Ph+ CML CP) or Ph+ CML CP resistant or intolerant to prior therapy including imatinib.^[2]
• newly diagnosed Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in combination with chemotherapy.^[2]
• newly diagnosed Ph+ CML in chronic phase (Ph+ CML-CP) or Ph+ CML-CP resistant or intolerant to prior therapy including imatinib.^[2]

and adults with

• newly diagnosed Philadelphia-chromosome-positive (Ph+) chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) in the chronic phase;^[2]
• chronic, accelerated or blast phase CML with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy including imatinib mesilate;^[2]
• Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and lymphoid blast CML with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy.^[2]

Adverse effects

The most common side effects are infection, suppression of the bone marrow (decreasing numbers of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes),^[6] headache, hemorrhage (bleeding), pleural effusion (fluid around the lungs), dyspnea (difficulty breathing), diarrhea, vomiting, nausea (feeling sick), abdominal pain (belly ache), skin rash, musculoskeletal pain, tiredness, swelling in the legs and arms and in the face, fever.^[2] Neutropenia and myelosuppression were common toxic effects. Fifteen people (of 84, i.e. 18%) in the above-mentioned study developed pleural effusions, which was a suspected side effect of dasatinib. Some of these people required thoracentesis or pleurodesis to treat the effusions. Other adverse events included mild to moderate diarrhea, peripheral edema, and headache. A small number of people developed abnormal liver function tests which returned to normal without dose adjustments. Mild hypocalcemia was also noted, but did not appear to cause any significant problems. Several cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) were found in people treated with dasatinib,^[7] possibly due to pulmonary endothelial cell damage.^[8]

On October 11, 2011, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that dasatinib may increase the risk of a rare but serious condition in which there is abnormally high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs (pulmonary hypertension, PAH).^[9] Symptoms of PAH may include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling of the body (such as the ankles and legs).^[9] In reported cases, people developed PAH after starting dasatinib, including after more than one year of treatment.^[9] Information about the risk was added to the Warnings and Precautions section of the Sprycel drug label.^[9]

Pharmacology

Dasatinib is an ATP-competitive protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The main targets of dasatinib are BCR/Abl (the “Philadelphia chromosome”), Src, c-Kit, ephrin receptors, and several other tyrosine kinases.^[11] Strong inhibition of the activated BCR-ABL kinase distinguishes dasatinib from other CML treatments, such as imatinib and nilotinib.^[11][12] Although dasatinib only has a plasma half-life of three to five hours, the strong binding to BCR-ABL1 results in a longer duration of action.^[12]

History

Dasatinib was developed by collaboration of Bristol-Myers Squibb and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd,^[13][14][15] and named for Bristol-Myers Squibb research fellow Jagabandhu Das, whose program leader says that the drug would not have come into existence had he not challenged some of the medicinal chemists‘ underlying assumptions at a time when progress in the development of the molecule had stalled.^[16]

Society and culture

Legal status

Dasatinib was approved for used in the United States in June 2006 and in the European Union in November 2006^[17][2]

In October 2010, dasatinib was approved in the United States for the treatment of newly diagnosed adults with Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CP-CML).^[18]

In November 2017, dasatinib was approved in the United States for the treatment of children with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the chronic phase.^[19]

Approval was based on data from 97 pediatric participants with chronic phase CML evaluated in two trials—a Phase I, open-label, non-randomized, dose-ranging trial and a Phase II, open-label, non-randomized trial.^[19] Fifty-one participants exclusively from the Phase II trial were newly diagnosed with chronic phase CML and 46 participants (17 from the Phase I trial and 29 from the Phase II trial) were resistant or intolerant to previous treatment with imatinib.^[19] The majority of participants were treated with dasatinib tablets 60 mg/m² body surface area once daily.^[19] Participants were treated until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.^[19]

Economics

The Union for Affordable Cancer Treatment objected to the price of dasatinib, in a letter to the U.S. trade representative. The average wholesale price in the U.S. is $367 per day, twice the price in other high income countries. The price in India, where the average annual per capita income is $1,570, and where most people pay out of pocket, is Rs6627 ($108) a day. Indian manufacturers offered to supply generic versions for $4 a day, but, under pressure from the U.S., the Indian Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion refused to issue a compulsory license.^[20]

Bristol-Myers Squibb justified the high prices of cancer drugs with the high R&D costs, but the Union of Affordable Cancer Treatment said that most of the R&D costs came from the U.S. government, including National Institutes of Health funded research and clinical trials, and a 50% tax credit. In England and Wales, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommended against dasatinib because of the high cost-benefit ratio.^[20]

The Union for Affordable Cancer Treatment said that “the dasatinib dispute illustrates the shortcomings of US trade policy and its impact on cancer patients”^[20]

Brand names

In Bangladesh dasatinib is available under the trade name Dasanix by Beacon Pharmaceuticals.In India, It is marketed by brand name NEXTKI by EMCURE PHARMACEUTICALS^{[medical citation needed]}

Research

Dasatinib has been shown to eliminate senescent cells in cultured adipocyte progenitor cells.^[21] Dasatinib has been shown to induce apoptosis in senescent cells by inhibiting Src kinase, whereas quercetin inhibits the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL.^[21] Administration of dasatinib along with quercetin to mice improved cardiovascular function and eliminated senescent cells.^[22] Aged mice given dasatinib with quercetin showed improved health and survival.^[22]

Giving dasatinib and quercetin to mice eliminated senescent cells and caused a long-term resolution of frailty.^[23] A study of fourteen human patients suffering from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (a disease characterized by increased numbers of senescent cells) given dasatinib and quercetin showed improved physical function and evidence of reduced senescent cells.^[21]

Route 1

Reference：1. WO2005077945A2 / US2012302750A1.

Route 2

Reference：1. WO0062778A1 / US6596746B1.

Route 3

Reference：1. J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 6658-6661.

2. J. Med. Chem. 2006, 49, 6819-6832.

Route 4

Reference：1. CN104292223A.

Route 5

Reference：1. CN103420999A.

Syn 1

Reference

Balaji, N.; Sultana, Sayeeda. Trace level determination and quantification of potential genotoxic impurities in dasatinib drug substance by UHPLC/infinity LC. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Department of Chemistry. St. Peter’s University. Tamil Nadu, India 600054. Volume 8. Issue 10. Pages 209-216. 2016

SYN 2

Reference

Zhang, Shaoning; Wei, Hongtao; Ji, Min. Synthesis of dasatinib. Zhongguo Yiyao Gongye Zazhi. Dept. of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering. Southeast University. Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, Peop. Rep. China 210096. Volume 41. Issue 3. Pages 161-163. 2010

SYN 3

Reference

Suresh, Garbapu; Nadh, Ratnakaram Venkata; Srinivasu, Navuluri; Yennity, Durgaprasad. A convenient new and efficient commercial synthetic route for dasatinib (Sprycel). Synthetic Communications. Division of Chemistry, Department of Science and Humanities. Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research University. Guntur, India. Volume 47. Issue 17. Pages 1610-1621. 2017

SYN 4

Reference

Chen, Bang-Chi; Zhao, Rulin; Wang, Bei; Droghini, Roberto; Lajeunesse, Jean; Sirard, Pierre; Endo, Masaki; Balasubramanian, Balu; Barrish, Joel C. A new and efficient preparation of 2-aminothiazole-5-carbamides: applications to the synthesis of the anticancer drug dasatinib. ARKIVOC (Gainesville, FL, United States). Discovery Chemistry. Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development. Princeton, USA 08543. Issue 6.Pages 32-38. 2010

SYN 5

Reference

An, Kang; Guan, Jianning; Yang, Hao; Hou, Wen; Wan, Rong. Improvement on the synthesis of Dasatinib. Jingxi Huagong Zhongjianti. College of Science. Nanjing University of Technology. Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, Peop. Rep. China 211816. Volume 41. Issue 2. Pages 42-44. 2011

PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/US7491725B2/en

EXAMPLESExample 1

Preparation of Intermediate:

(S)-1-sec-Butylthiourea

To a solution of S— sec-butyl-amine (7.31 g, 0.1 mol) in chloroform (80 mL) at 0° C. was slowly added benzoyl isothiocyanate (13.44 mL, 0.1 mol). The mixture was allowed to warm to 10° C. and stirred for 10 min. The solvent was then removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved in MeOH (80 mL). An aqueous solution (10 mL) of NaOH (4 g, 0.1 mol) was added to this solution, and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for another 2 h. The MeOH was then removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was stirred in water (50 mL). The precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration and dried to provide S-1-sec-butyl-thiourea (12.2 g, 92% yield). mp 133-134° C.; ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-D₆) δ 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.20 (br s, 1H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 4.04 (s, 1H), 1.41 (m, 2H), 1.03 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 3H), 0.81 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-D₆) δ 182.5, 50.8, 28.8, 19.9, 10.3; LRMS m/z 133.2 (M+H); Anal. Calcd for C₅H₁₂N₂S: C, 45.41; H, 9.14; N, 21.18; S, 24.25. Found: C, 45.49; H, 8.88; N, 21.32; S, 24.27.

Example 2

Preparation of Intermediate:

(R)-1-sec-Butylthiourea

(R)-1-sec-Butylthiourea was prepared in 92% yield according to the general method outlined for Example 1. mp 133-134° C.; ¹H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO) δ 0.80(m, 3H, J=7.7), 1.02(d, 3H, J=6.1), 1.41(m, 2H), (3.40, 4.04)(s, 1H), 6.76(s, 1H), 7.20(s, br, 1H), 7.39(d, 1H, J=7.2); ¹³C NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ: 10.00, 19.56, 28.50, 50.20, 182.00; m/z 133.23 (M+H); Anal. Calcd for C₅H₁₂N₂S: C, 45.41; H, 9.14; N, 21.18; S, 24.25. Found: C, 45.32; H, 9.15; N, 21.14; S, 24.38.

Example 3

Preparation of:

To a solution of 3-amino-N-methyl-4-methylbenzamide hydrochloride (1.0 g, 5 mmol) in acetone (10 mL) at 0° C. was added pyridine (1.2 mL, 15 mmol) dropwise via syringe. 3-Methoxyacryloyl chloride (0.72 mL. 6.5 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The solution was cooled again to 0° C. and 1N HCl (1.5 mL) was added dropwise via pipet. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 min, then water (8.5 mL) was added via an addition funnel. The acetone was removed in vacuo and the resulting solution stirred for 4h. Crystallization began within 15 min. After stirring for 4 h, the vessel was cooled in an ice bath for 30 min, filtered, and rinsed with ice cold water (2×3 mL) to give compound 3A (0.99 g, 78% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.95 (s, 1H), 8.12 (br s, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.29 (m, 2H), 7.05 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 5.47 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 3.48 (s, 3H), 2.54 (d, J=4.7 Hz, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H); HPLC rt 2.28 min (Condition A).

3B. Example 3

To a 50 mL RBF containing the above compound 3A (0.5 g, 2.0 mmol) was added THF (2.5 mL) and water (2 mL), followed by NBS (0.40 g, 2.22 mmol), and the solution was stirred for 90 min. R-sec-butylthiourea (Ex. 2) (267 mg), was added, and the solution was heated to 75° C. for 8 h. Conc. NH₄OH was added to adjust the pH to 10 followed by the addition of EtOH (15 mL). Water (15 mL) was added and the slurry stirred for 16 h, filtered, and washed with water to give Example 3 as a light brown solid (0.48 g, 69% yield, 98% purity). MS 347.1; HPLC 2.59.

Example 4

Preparation of:

Example 4 is prepared following the methods of Example 3 but using the appropriate acryl benzamide and Example 1.

Example 5

Preparation of:

N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide (The Compound of Formula (IV))

5A. 1-(6-Chloro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)thiourea

To a stirring slurry of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methylpyrimidine (6.13 g, 42.7 mmol) in THF (24 mL) was added ethyl isothiocyanatoformate (7.5 mL, 63.6 mmol), and the mixture heated to reflux. After 5h, another portion of ethyl isothiocyanato formate (1.0 mL, 8.5 mmol) was added and after 10h, a final portion (1.5 mL, 12.7 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred 6h more. The slurry was evaporated under vacuum to remove most of the solvent and heptane (6 mL) added to the residue. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration and washed with heptane (2×5 mL) giving 8.01 g (68% yield) of the intermediate ethyl 6-chloro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylcarbamothioylcarbamate.

A solution of ethyl 6-chloro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylcarbamothioylcarbamate (275 mg, 1.0 mmol) and 1N sodium hydroxide (3.5 eq) was heated and stirred at 50° C. for 2h. The resulting slurry was cooled to 20-22° C. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with water, and dried to give 185 mg of 1-(6-chloro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)thiourea (91% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ2.51 (S, 3H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 9.35 (s,1H), 10.07 (s, 1H), 10.91 (s, 1H); ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 25.25, 104.56, 159.19, 159.33, 167.36, 180.91.

5B. (E)-N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-3-ethoxyacrylamide

To a cold stirring solution of 2-chloro-6-methylaniline (59.5 g 0.42 mol) and pyridine (68 ml, 0.63 mol) in THF (600 mL) was added 3-ethoxyacryloyl chloride (84.7 g, 0.63 mol) slowly keeping the temp at 0-5° C. The mixture was then warmed and stirred for 2 h. at 20° C. Hydrochloric acid (1N, 115 mL) was added at 0-10° C. The mixture was diluted with water (310 mL) and the resulting solution was concentrated under vacuum to a thick slurry. The slurry was diluted with toluene (275 mL) and stirred for 15 min. at 20-22° C. then 1 h. at 0° C. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with water (2×75 mL) and dried to give 74.1 g (73.6% yield) of (E)-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-3-ethoxyacrylamide). ¹H NMR (400 Hz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.26 (t, 3H, J=7 Hz), 2.15 (s, 3H), 3.94 (q, 2H, J=7 Hz), 5.58 (d, 1H, J=12.4 Hz), 7.10-7.27 (m, 2H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.27-7.37 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.45(d, 1H, J=12.4 Hz), 9.28 (s, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 14.57, 18.96, 67.17, 97.99, 126.80, 127.44, 129.07, 131.32, 132.89, 138.25, 161.09, 165.36.

5C. 2-Amino-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)thiazole-5-carboxamide

To a mixture of compound 5B (5.00 g, 20.86 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (27 mL) and water (27 mL) was added NBS (4.08 g, 22.9 mmol) at −10 to 0° C. The slurry was warmed and stirred at 20-22° C. for 3h. Thiourea (1.60 g, 21 mmol) was added and the mixture heated to 80° C. After 2h, the resulting solution was cooled to 20-22° and conc. ammonium hydroxide (4.2 mL) was added dropwise. The resulting slurry was concentrated under vacuum to about half volume and cooled to 0-5° C. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with cold water (10 mL), and dried to give 5.3 g (94.9% yield) of 2-amino-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)thiazole-5-carboxamide. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ δ 2.19 (s, 3H), 7.09-7.29 (m, 2H, J=7.5), 7.29-7.43 (d, 1H, J=7.5), 7.61 (s, 2H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 9.63 (s, 1H); ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 18.18, 120.63, 126.84, 127.90, 128.86, 132.41, 133.63, 138.76, 142.88, 159.45, 172.02.

5D. 2-(6-Chloro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)thiazole-5-carboxamide

To a stirring solution of compound 5C (5.00 g, 18.67 mmol) and 4,6-dichloro-2-methylpyrimidine (3.65 g 22.4/mmol) in THF (65 mL) was added a 30% wt. solution of sodium t-butoxide in THF (21.1 g, 65.36 mmol) slowly with cooling to keep the temperature at 10-20° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h and cooled to 0-5° C. Hydrochloric acid, 2N (21.5 mL) was added slowly and the mixture stirred 1.75 h at 0-5° C. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with water (15 mL) and dried to give 6.63 g (86.4% yield) of compound 5D. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 7.18-7.34, (m, 2H, J=7.5), 7.34-7.46 (d, 1H, J=7.5), 8.31 (s, 1H), 10.02 (s, 1H), 12.25 (s, 1H).

5E. Example 5

To a mixture of compound 5D (4.00 g, 10.14 mmol) and hydroxyethylpiperazine (6.60 g, 50.69 mmol) in n-butanol (40 mL) was added DIPEA (3.53 mL, 20.26 mmol). The slurry was heated at 118° C. for 4.5 h, then cooled slowly to room temperature. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with n-butanol (5 mL), and dried. The product (5.11 g) was dissolved in hot 80% EtOH—H₂O (80 mL), and the solution was clarified by filtration. The hot solution was slowly diluted with water (15 mL) and cooled slowly to room temperature. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with 50% ethanol-water (5 mL) and dried affording 4.27 g (83.2% yield) of N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide as monohydrate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.42 (t, 2H, J=6), 2.48 (t, 4H, J=6.3), 3.50 (m, 4H), 3.53 (q, 2H, J=6), 4.45 (t, 1H, J=5.3), 6.04 (s, 1H), 7.25 (t, 1H, J=7.6), 7.27 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 1.7), 7.40 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 1.7), 8.21 (s, 1H), 9.87 (s, 1H), 11.47.

Example 6

Preparation of:

N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide

To a slurry of (E)-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-3-ethoxyacrylamide 5B (120 mg, 0.50 mmol) in THF (0.75 ml) and water (0.5 mL) was added NBS (98 mg, 0.55 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was warmed and stirred at 20-22° C. for 3h. To this was added 1-(6-chloro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)thiourea 5A (100 mg, 0.49 mmol), and the slurry heated and stirred at reflux for 2h. The slurry was cooled to 20-22° C. and the solid collected by vacuum filtration giving 140 mg (71% yield) of 2-(6-chloro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)thiazole-5-carboxamide 5D. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 7.18-7.34, (m, 2H, J=7.5), 7.34-7.46 (d, 1H, J=7.5), 8.31 (s, 1H), 10.02 (s, 1H), 12.25 (s, 1H).

Compound 5D was elaborated to N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide, following Step 5E.

Example 7

Preparation of:

N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide7A. 2-[4-(6-Chloro-2-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethanol

2-piperazin-1-yl-ethanol (8.2 g, 63.1 mmol) was added to a solution of 4,6-dichloro-2-methylpyrimidine (5.2 g, 31.9 mmol) in dichloromethane (80 ml) at rt. The mixture was stirred for two hours and triethylamine (0.9 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt for 20h. The resultant solid was filtered. The cake was washed with dichloromethane (20 ml). The filtrate was concentrated to give an oil. This oil was dried under high vacuum for 20h to give a solid. This solid was stirred with heptane (50 ml) at rt for 5h. Filtration gave 7C (8.13 g) as a white solid

7B. Example 7

To a 250 ml of round bottom flask were charged compound 5C (1.9 g, 7.1 mmol), compound 7C (1.5 g, 5.9 mmol), K₂CO₃ (16 g, 115.7 mmol), Pd (OAc)₂ (52 mg, 0.23 mmol) and BINAP (291 mg, 0.46 mmol). The flask was placed under vacuum and flushed with nitrogen. Toluene was added (60 ml). The suspension was heated to 100-110° C. and stirred at this temperature for 20h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was applied to a silica gel column. The column was first eluted with EtOAC, and then with 10% of MeOH in EtOAC. Finally, the column was washed with 10% 2M ammonia solution in MeOH/90% EtOAC. The fractions which contained the desired product were collected and concentrated to give compound IV as a yellow solid (2.3 g).

Analytical Methods

Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SSNMR)

All solid-state C-13 NMR measurements were made with a Bruker DSX-400, 400 MHz NMR spectrometer. High resolution spectra were obtained using high-power proton decoupling and the TPPM pulse sequence and ramp amplitude cross-polarization (RAMP-CP) with magic-angle spinning (MAS) at approximately 12 kHz (A. E. Bennett et al, J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 103, 6951), (G. Metz, X. Wu and S. O. Smith, J. Magn. Reson. A., 1994, 110, 219-227). Approximately 70 mg of sample, packed into a canister-design zirconia rotor was used for each experiment. Chemical shifts (δ) were referenced to external adamantane with the high frequency resonance being set to 38.56 ppm (W. L. Earl and D. L. VanderHart, J. Magn. Reson., 1982, 48, 35-54).

X-Ray Powder Diffraction

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that an X-ray diffraction pattern may be obtained with a measurement error that is dependent upon the measurement conditions employed. In particular, it is generally known that intensities in a X-ray diffraction pattern may fluctuate depending upon measurement conditions employed. It should be further understood that relative intensities may also vary depending upon experimental conditions and, accordingly, the exact order of intensity should not be taken into account. Additionally, a measurement error of diffraction angle for a conventional X-ray diffraction pattern is typically about 5% or less, and such degree of measurement error should be taken into account as pertaining to the aforementioned diffraction angles. Consequently, it is to be understood that the crystal forms of the instant invention are not limited to the crystal forms that provide X-ray diffraction patterns completely identical to the X-ray diffraction patterns depicted in the accompanying Figures disclosed herein. Any crystal forms that provide X-ray diffraction patterns substantially identical to those disclosed in the accompanying Figures fall within the scope of the present invention. The ability to ascertain substantial identities of X-ray diffraction patterns is within the purview of one of ordinary skill in the art.

X-Ray powder diffraction data for the crystalline forms of Compound (IV) were obtained using a Bruker GADDS (BRUKER AXS, Inc., 5465 East Cheryl Parkway Madison, Wis. 53711 USA) (General Area Detector Diffraction System) manual chi platform goniometer. Powder samples were placed in thin walled glass capillaries of 1 mm or less in diameter; the capillary was rotated during data collection. The sample-detector distance was 17 cm. The radiation was Cu Kα (45 kV 111 mA, λ=1.5418 Å). Data were collected for 3<2θ<35° with a sample exposure time of at least 300 seconds.

Single Crystal X-Ray

All single crystal data were collected on a Bruker-Nonius (BRUKER AXS, Inc., 5465 East Cheryl Parkway Madison, Wis. 53711 USA) Kappa CCD 2000 system using Cu Kα radiation (λ=1.5418 Å) and were corrected only for the Lorentz-polarization factors. Indexing and processing of the measured intensity data were carried out with the HKL2000 software package (Otwinowski, Z. & Minor, W. (1997) in Macromolecular Crystallography, eds. Carter, W. C. Jr & Sweet, R. M. (Academic, NY), Vol. 276, pp. 307-326) in the Collect program suite (Data collection and processing user interface: Collect: Data collection software, R. Hooft, Nonius B. V., 1998).

The structures were solved by direct methods and refined on the basis of observed reflections using either the SDP (SDP, Structure Determination Package, Enraf-Nonius, Bohemia NY 11716 Scattering factors, including f′ and f″, in the SDP software were taken from the “International Tables for Crystallography”, Kynoch Press, Birmingham, England, 1974; Vol IV, Tables 2.2A and 2.3.1) software package with minor local modifications or the crystallographic package, MAXUS (maXus solution and refinement software suite: S. Mackay, C. J. Gilmore, C. Edwards, M. Tremayne, N. Stewart, K. Shankland. maXus: a computer program for the solution and refinement of crystal structures from diffraction data).

The derived atomic parameters (coordinates and temperature factors) were refined through full matrix least-squares. The function minimized in the refinements was Σ_w(|F_o|−|F_c|)^2. R is defined as Σ∥F_o|−|F_c∥/Σ|F_o| while R_w=[Σ_w(|F_o|−|F_c|)₂/Σ_w|F_o|²]^1/2 where w is an appropriate weighting function based on errors in the observed intensities. Difference maps were examined at all stages of refinement. Hydrogens were introduced in idealized positions with isotropic temperature factors, but no hydrogen parameters were varied.

The derived atomic parameters (coordinates and temperature factors) were refined through full matrix least-squares. The function minimized in the refinements was Σ_w(|F_o|−|F_c|)^2. R is defined as Σ∥F_o|−|F_c∥/Σ|F_o| while R_w=[Σ_w(|F_o|−|F_c|)₂/Σ_w|F_o|²]^1/2 where w is an appropriate weighting function based on errors in the observed intensities. Difference maps were examined at all stages of refinement. Hydrogens were introduced in idealized positions with isotropic temperature factors, but no hydrogen parameters were varied

Differential Scanning Calorimetry

The DSC instrument used to test the crystalline forms was a TA Instruments® model Q1000. The DSC cell/sample chamber was purged with 100 ml/min of ultra-high purity nitrogen gas. The instrument was calibrated with high purity indium. The accuracy of the measured sample temperature with this method is within about +/−1° C., and the heat of fusion can be measured within a relative error of about +/−5%. The sample was placed into an open aluminum DSC pan and measured against an empty reference pan. At least 2 mg of sample powder was placed into the bottom of the pan and lightly tapped down to ensure good contact with the pan. The weight of the sample was measured accurately and recorded to a hundredth of a milligram. The instrument was programmed to heat at 10° C. per minute in the temperature range between 25 and 350° C.

The heat flow, which was normalized by a sample weight, was plotted versus the measured sample temperature. The data were reported in units of watts/gram (“W/g”). The plot was made with the endothermic peaks pointing down. The endothermic melt peak was evaluated for extrapolated onset temperature, peak temperature, and heat of fusion in this analysis.

Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)

The TGA instrument used to test the crystalline forms was a TAInstruments® model Q500. Samples of at least 10 milligrams were analyzed at a heating rate of 10° C. per minute in the temperature range between 25° C. and about 350° C.

Example 8

Preparation of:

crystalline monohydrate of N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide (IV)

An example of the crystallization procedure to obtain the crystalline monohydrate form is shown here:

• Charge 48 g of the compound of formula (IV).
• Charge approximately 1056 mL (22 mL/g) of ethyl alcohol, or other suitable alcohol.
• Charge approximately 144 mL of water.
• Dissolve the suspension by heating to approximately 75° C.
• Optional: Polish filter by transfer the compound of formula (IV) solution at 75° C. through the preheated filter and into the receiver.
• Rinse the dissolution reactor and transfer lines with a mixture of 43 mL of ethanol and 5 mL of water.

Heat the contents in the receiver to 75-80° C. and maintain 75-80° C. to achieve complete dissolution.

Charge approximately 384 mL of water at a rate such that the batch temperature is maintained between 75-80° C.

Cool to 75° C., and, optionally, charge monohydrate seed crystals. Seed crystals are not essential to obtaining monohydrate, but provide better control of the crystallization.

• Cool to 70° C. and maintain 70° C. for ca. 1 h.
• Cool from 70 to 5 C over 2 h, and maintain the temperature between 0 at 5° C. for at least 2 h.
• Filter the crystal slurry.
• Wash the filter cake with a mixture of 96 mL of ethanol and 96 mL of water.
• Dry the material at ≦50° C. under reduced pressure until the water content is 3.4 to 4.1% by KF to afford 41 g (85 M %).
  Alternately, the monohydrate can be obtained by:
  • 1) An aqueous solution of the acetate salt of compound IV was seeded with monohydrate and heated at 80° C. to give bulk monohydrate.
  • 2) An aqueous solution of the acetate salt of compound IV was seeded with monohydrate. On standing several days at room temperature, bulk monohydrate had formed.
  • 3) An aqueous suspension of compound IV was seeded with monohydrate and heated at 70° C. for 4 hours to give bulk monohydrate. In the absence of seeding, an aqueous slurry of compound IV was unchanged after 82 days at room temperature.
  • 4) A solution of compound IV in a solvent such as NMP or DMA was treated with water until the solution became cloudy and was held at 75-85° C. for several hours. Monohydrate was isolated after cooling and filtering.
  • 5) A solution of compound IV in ethanol, butanol, and water was heated. Seeds of monohydrate were added to the hot solution and then cooled. Monohydrate was isolated upon cooling and filtration.

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the monohydrate of the compound of formula (IV) may be represented by the XRPD as shown in FIG. 1 or by a representative sampling of peaks as shown in Table 1.

Representative peaks taken from the XRPD of the monohydrate of the compound of formula (IV) are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 2-Theta d(Å) Height 17.994 4.9257 915 18.440 4.8075 338 19.153 4.6301 644 19.599 4.5258 361 21.252 4.1774 148 24.462 3.6359 250 25.901 3.4371 133 28.052 3.1782 153

The XRPD is also characterized by the following list comprising 2θ values selected from the group consisting of: 4.6±0.2, 11.2±0.2, 13.8±0.2, 15.2±0.2, 17.9±0.2, 19.1±0.2, 19.6±0.2, 23.2±0.2, 23.6±0.2. The XRPD is also characterized by the list of 2θ values selected from the group consisting of: 18.0±0.2, 18.4±0.2, 19.2±0.2, 19.6±0.2, 21.2±0.2, 24.5±0.2, 25.9±0.2, and 28.0±0.2.

Single crystal x-ray data was obtained at room temperature (+25° C.). The molecular structure was confirmed as a monohydrate form of the compound of Formula (IV).

The following unit cell parameters were obtained for the monohydrate of the compound of formula (IV) from the x-ray analysis at 25° C.:

a(Å)=13.8632(7); b(Å)=9.3307(3); c(Å)=38.390(2);

V(ų) 4965.9(4); Z′=1; Vm=621

Space group Pbca

Molecules/unit cell 8

Density (calculated) (g/cm³) 1.354

Wherein Z′=number of drug molecules per asymmetric unit. Vm=V(unit cell)/(Z drug molecules per cell).

Single crystal x-ray data was also obtained at −50° C. The monohydrate form of the compound of Formula (IV) is characterized by unit cell parameters approximately equal to the following:

Cell dimensions:

• • a(Å)=13.862(1);
  • b(Å)=9.286(1);
  • c(Å)=38.143(2);

Volume=4910(1) ų

Space group Pbca

Molecules/unit cell 8

Density (calculated) (g/cm³) 1.369

wherein the compound is at a temperature of about −50° C.

The simulated XRPD was calculated from the refined atomic parameters at room temperature.

The monohydrate of the compound of formula (IV) is represented by the DSC as shown in FIG. 2. The DSC is characterized by a broad peak between approximately 95° C. and 130° C. This peak is broad and variable and corresponds to the loss of one water of hydration as seen in the TGA graph. The DSC also has a characteristic peak at approximately 287° C. which corresponds to the melt of the dehydrated form of the compound of formula (IV).

The TGA for the monohydrate of the compound of Formula (IV) is shown in FIG. 2 along with the DSC. The TGA shows a 3.48% weight loss from 50° C. to 175° C. The weight loss corresponds to a loss of one water of hydration from the compound of Formula (IV).

The monohydrate may also be prepared by crystallizing from alcoholic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, i-propanol, butanol, pentanol, and water.

Example 9

Preparation of:

crystalline n-butanol solvate of N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide (IV)

The crystalline butanol solvate of the compound of formula (IV) is prepared by dissolving compound (IV) in 1-butanol at reflux (116-118° C.) at a concentration of approximately 1 g/25 mL of solvent. Upon cooling, the butanol solvate crystallizes out of solution. Filter, wash with butanol, and dry.

The following unit cell parameters were obtained from the x-ray analysis for the crystalline butanol solvate, obtained at room temperature:

a(Å)=22.8102(6); b(Å)=8.4691(3); c(Å)=15.1436(5); β=95.794(2);

V(ų) 2910.5(2); Z′=1; Vm=728

Space group P2₁/a

Molecules/unit cell 4

Density (calculated) (g/cm³) 1.283

Wherein Z′=number of drug molecules per asymmetric unit. Vm=V(unit cell)/(Z drug molecules per cell).

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the butanol solvate of the compound of formula (IV) may be represented by the XRPD as shown in FIG. 3 or by a representative sampling of peaks. Representative peaks for the crystalline butanol solvate are 2θ values of: 5.9±0.2, 12.0±0.2, 13.0±0.2, 17.7±0.2, 24.1±0.2, and 24.6±0.2.

Example 10

Preparation of:

crystalline ethanol solvate of N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide (IV)

To a 100-mL round bottom flask was charged 4.00 g (10.1 mmol) of 5D (contained 2.3 Area % 5C) 6.60 g (50.7 mmol) of 7B, 80 mL of n-butanol and 2.61 g (20.2 mmol) of DIPEA. The resulting slurry was heated to 120° C. and maintained at 120° C. for 4.5 h whereby HPLC analysis showed 0.19 relative Area % of residual 5D to compound IV. The homogeneous mixture was cooled to 20° C. and left stirring overnight. The resulting crystals were filtered. The wet cake was washed twice with 10-mL portions of n-butanol to afford a white crystalline product. HPLC analysis showed this material to contain 99.7 Area % compound IV and 0.3 Area % 5C.

The resulting wet cake was returned to the 100-mL reactor, and charged with 56 mL (12 mL/g) of 200 proof ethanol. At 80° C. an additional 25 mL of ethanol was added. To this mixture was added 10 mL of water resulting in rapid dissolution. Heat was removed and crystallization was observed at 75-77° C. The crystal slurry was further cooled to 20° C. and filtered. The wet cake was washed once with 10 mL of 1:1 ethanol: water and once with 10 mL of n-heptane. The wet cake contained 1.0% water by KF and 8.10% volatiles by LOD. The material was dried at 60° C./30 in Hg for 17 h to afford 3.55 g (70 M %) of material containing only 0.19% water by KF, 99.87 Area % by HPLC. The ¹H NMR spectrum, however revealed that the ethanol solvate had been formed.

The following unit cell parameters were obtained from the x-ray analysis for the crystalline ethanol solvate (di-ethanolate, E2-1), obtained at −40° C.:

a(Å)=22.076(1); b(Å)=8.9612(2); c(Å)=16.8764(3); β=114.783(1);

V(ų) 3031.1(1); Z′=1; Vm=758

Space group P2₁/a

Molecules/unit cell 4

Density (calculated) (g/cm³) 1.271

Wherein Z′=number of drug molecules per asymmetric unit. Vm=V(unit cell)/(Z drug molecules per cell).

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the ethanol solvate (E2-1) of the compound of formula (IV) may be represented by the XRPD as shown in FIG. 4 or by a representative sampling of peaks. Representative peaks for the crystalline ethanol solvate are 2θ values of: 5.8±0.2, 11.3±0.2, 15.8±0.2, 17.2±0.2, 19.5±0.2, 24.1±0.2, 25.3±0.2, and 26.2±0.2.

In addition, during the process to form the ethanolate (diethanolate) the formation of another ethanol solvate (½ ethanolate, T1E2-1) has been observed. To date this additional ethaonol solvate is known strictly as a partial desolvation product of the original diethanolate form E2-1, and has only been observed on occasion during crystallization of E2-1

The following unit cell parameters were obtained from the x-ray analysis for the crystalline ½ ethanol solvate T1E2-1, obtained at −10° C.:

a(Å)=22.03(2); b(Å)=9.20(1); c(Å)=12.31(1);

β=93.49(6)

V(ų) 2491(4)); Z′=1; Vm=623;

Space group P2₁/a

Molecules/unit cell 4

Density (calculated) (g/cm³) 1.363

Wherein Z′=number of drug molecules per asymmetric unit. Vm=V(unit cell)/(Z drug molecules per cell).

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the ethanol solvate (T1E2-1) of the compound of formula (IV) may be represented by the XRPD as shown in FIG. 7 or by a representative sampling of peaks. Representative peaks for the crystalline ethanol solvate are 2θ values of: 7.20±0.2, 12.01±0.2, 12.81±0.2, 18.06±0.2, 19.30±0.2, and 25.24±0.2.

Example 11

Preparation of:

crystalline N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide (IV) (Neat form N-6)

To a mixture of compound 5D (175.45 g, 0.445 mol) and hydroxyethylpiperazine (289.67 g, 2.225 mol) in NMP (1168 mL) was added DIPEA (155 mL, 0.89 mol). The suspension was heated at 110° C. (solution obtained) for 25 min., then cooled to about 90° C. The resulting hot solution was added dropwise into hot (80° C.) water (8010) mL, keeping the temperature at about 80° C. The resulting suspension was stirred 15 min at 80° C. then cooled slowly to room temperature. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with water (2×1600 mL) and dried in vacuo at 55-60° C. affording 192.45 g (88.7% yield) of N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.43 (t, 2H, J=6), 2.49 (t, 4H, J=6.3), 3.51 (m, 4H), 3.54 (q, 2H, J=6), 4.46 (t, 1H, J=5.3), 6.05 (s, 1H), 7.26 (t, 1H, J=7.6), 7.28 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 1.7), 7.41 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 1.7), 8.23 (s, 1H), 9.89 (s, 1H), 11.48. KF0.84; DSC: 285.25° C. (onset), 286.28° C. (max).

The following unit cell parameters were obtained from the x-ray analysis for the neat crystalline compound IV, obtained at 23° C.:

a(Å)=22.957(1); b(Å)=8.5830(5); c(Å)=13.803(3); β=112.039(6);

V(ų)=2521.0(5); Z′=1; Vm=630

Space group P2₁/a

Molecules/unit cell 4

Density (calculated) (g/cm³) 1.286

Wherein Z′=number of drug molecules per asymmetric unit. Vm=V(unit cell)/(Z drug molecules per cell).

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the crystalline form of the compound of formula (IV) may be represented by the XRPD as shown in FIG. 5 or by a representative sampling of peaks. Representative peaks for the crystalline neat form (N-6) are 2θ values of: 6.8±0.2, 11.1±0.2, 12.3±0.2, 13.2±0.2, 13.7±0.2, 16.7±0.2, 21.0±0.2, 24.3±0.2, and 24.8±0.2.

Example 12

Preparation of:

crystalline N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide (IV) (neatform T1H1-7)

The title neat form may be prepared by heating the monohydrate form of the compound of formula (IV) above the dehydration temperature.

The following unit cell parameters were obtained from the x-ray analysis for the neat crystalline (T1H1-7) compound IV, obtained at 25° C.:

a(Å)=13.4916; b(Å)=9.3992(2); c(Å)=38.817(1);

V(ų)=4922.4(3); Z′=1; Vm=615

Space group Pbca

Density (calculated) (g/cm³) 1.317

Wherein Z′=number of drug molecules per asymmetric unit. Vm=V(unit cell)/(Z drug molecules per cell).

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the neat crystalline form (T1H1-7) of the compound of formula (IV) may be represented by the XRPD as shown in FIG. 6 or by a representative sampling of peaks. Representative peaks for the crystalline neat form (T1H1-7)) are 2θ values of: 8.0±0.2, 9.7±0.2, 11.2±0.2, 13.3±0.2, 17.5±0.2, 18.9±0.2, 21.0±0.2, 22.0±0.2.

Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.

PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/US8680103B2/en

Aminothiazole-aromatic amides of formula I

wherein Ar is aryl or heteroaryl, L is an optional alkylene linker, and R₂, R₃, R₄, and R₅, are as defined in the specification herein, are useful as kinase inhibitors, in particular, inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinase and p38 kinase. They are expected to be useful in the treatment of protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorders such as immunologic and oncological disorders [see, U.S. Pat. No. 6,596,746 (the ‘746 patent), assigned to the present assignee and incorporated herein by reference], and p38 kinase-associated conditions such as inflammatory and immune conditions, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/773,790, filed Feb. 6, 2004, claiming priority to U.S. Provisional application Ser. No. 60/445,410, filed Feb. 6, 2003 (hereinafter the ‘410 application), both of which are also assigned to the present assignee and incorporated herein by reference.

The compound of formula (IV), ′N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-[[6-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide, is an inhibitor of SRC/ABL and is useful in the treatment of oncological diseases.

Other approaches to preparing 2-aminothiazole-5-carboxamides are described in the ‘746 patent and in the ‘410 application. The ‘746 patent describes a process involving treatment of chlorothiazole with n-BuLi followed by reaction with phenyl isocyanates to give chlorothiazole-benzamides, which are further elaborated to aminothiazole-benzamide final products after protection, chloro-to-amino substitution, and deprotection, e.g.,

The ‘410 application describes a multi-step process involving first, converting N-unsubstituted aminothiazole carboxylic acid methyl or ethyl esters to bromothiazole carboxylic acid esters via diazotization with tert-butyl nitrite and subsequent CuBr₂ treatment, e.g.,

then, hydrolyzing the resulting bromothiazole esters to the corresponding carboxylic acids and converting the acids to the corresponding acyl chlorides, e.g.,

then finally, coupling the acyl chlorides with anilines to afford bromothiazole-benzamide intermediates which were further elaborated to aminothiazole-benzamide final products, e.g.,

Other approaches for making 2-aminothiazole-5-carboxamides include coupling of 2-aminothiazole-5-carboxylic acids with amines using various coupling conditions such as DCC [Roberts et al, J. Med. Chem. (1972), 15, at p. 1310], and DPPA [Marsham et al., J. Med. Chem. (1991), 34, at p. 1594)].

The above methods present drawbacks with respect to the production of side products, the use of expensive coupling reagents, less than desirable yields, and the need for multiple reaction steps to achieve the 2-aminothiazole-5-carboxamide compounds.

Reaction of N,N-dimethyl-N′-(aminothiocarbonyl)-formamidines with α-haloketones and esters to give 5-carbonyl-2-aminothiazoles has been reported. See Lin, Y. et al, J. Heterocycl. Chem. (1979), 16, at 1377; Hartmann, H. et al, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. (2000), 1, at 4316; Noack, A. et al; Tetrahedron (2002), 58, at 2137; Noack, A.; et al. Angew. Chem. (2001), 113, at 3097; and Kantlehner, W. et al., J. Prakt. Chem./Chem.-Ztg. (1996), 338, at 403. Reaction of β-ethoxy acrylates and thioureas to prepare 2-aminothiazole-5-carboxylates also has been reported. See Zhao, R., et al., Tetrahedron Lett. (2001), 42, at 2101. However, electrophilic bromination of acrylanilide and crotonanilide has been known to undergo both aromatic bromination and addition to the α,β-unsaturated carbon-carbon double bonds. See Autenrieth, Chem. Ber. (1905), 38, at 2550; Eremeev et al., Chem. Heterocycl. Compd. Engl. Transl. (1984), 20, at 1102.

New and efficient processes for preparing 2-aminothiazole-5-carboxamides are desired.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is related to processes for the preparation of 2-aminothiazole-5-aromatic amides having the formula (I),

wherein L, Ar, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, and m are as defined below, comprising reacting a compound having the formula (II),

wherein Q is the group —O—P*, wherein P* is selected so that, when considered together with the oxygen atom to which P* is attached, Q is a leaving group, and Ar, L, R₂, R₃, and m are as defined below,
with a halogenating reagent in the presence of water followed by a thiourea compound having the formula (III),

wherein, R₄ and R₅ are as defined below,
to provide the compound of formula (I),

wherein,

Ar is the same in formulae (I) and (II) and is aryl or heteroaryl;

L is the same in formulae (I) and (II) and is optionally-substituted alkylene;

R₂ is the same in formulae (I) and (II), and is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclo;

R₃ is the same in formulae (I) and (II), and is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, haloalkyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclo;

R₄ is (i) the same in each of formulae (I) and (III), and (ii) is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclo, or alternatively, R₄ is taken together with R₅, to form heteroaryl or heterocyclo;

R₅ is (i) the same in each of formulae (I) and (III), and (ii) is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclo, or alternatively, R₅ is taken together with R₄, to form heteroaryl or heterocyclo; and

m is 0 or 1.

Applicants have surprisingly discovered said process for converting β-(P*)oxy acryl aromatic amides and thioureas to 2-aminothiazole derivatives, wherein the aromatic amides are not subject to further halogenation producing other side products. Aminothiazole-aromatic amides, particularly, 2-aminothiazole-5-benzamides, can thus be efficiently prepared with this process in high yield.

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to crystalline forms of the compound of formula (IV).

EXAMPLESExample 1

Preparation of Intermediate:

(S)-1-sec-Butylthiourea

To a solution of S-sec-butyl-amine (7.31 g, 0.1 mol) in chloroform (80 mL) at 0° C. was slowly added benzoyl isothiocyanate (13.44 mL, 0.1 mol). The mixture was allowed to warm to 10° C. and stirred for 10 min. The solvent was then removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved in MeOH (80 mL). An aqueous solution (10 mL) of NaOH (4 g, 0.1 mol) was added to this solution, and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for another 2 h. The MeOH was then removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was stirred in water (50 mL). The precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration and dried to provide S-1-sec-butyl-thiourea (12.2 g, 92% yield). mp 133-134° C.; ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-D₆) δ 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.20 (br s, 1H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 4.04 (s, 1H), 1.41 (m, 2H), 1.03 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 3H), 0.81 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-D₆) δ 182.5, 50.8, 28.8, 19.9, 10.3; LRMS m/z 133.2 (M+H); Anal. Calcd for C₅H₁₂N₂S: C, 45.41; H, 9.14; N, 21.18; S, 24.25. Found: C, 45.49; H, 8.88; N, 21.32; S, 24.27.

Example 2

Preparation of Intermediate:

(R)-1-sec-Butylthiourea

(R)-1-sec-Butylthiourea was prepared in 92% yield according to the general method outlined for Example 1. mp 133-134° C.; ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 0.80 (m, 3H, J=7.7), 1.02 (d, 3H, J=6.1), 1.41 (m, 2H), (3.40, 4.04) (s, 1H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 7.20 (s, br, 1H), 7.39 (d, 1H, J=7.2); ¹³C NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ: 10.00, 19.56, 28.50, 50.20, 182.00; m/z 133.23 (M+H); Anal. Calcd for C₅H₁₂N₂S: C, 45.41; H, 9.14; N, 21.18; S, 24.25. Found: C, 45.32; H, 9.15; N, 21.14; S, 24.38.

Example 3

Preparation of:

To a solution of 3-amino-N-methyl-4-methylbenzamide hydrochloride (1.0 g, 5 mmol) in acetone (10 mL) at 0° C. was added pyridine (1.2 mL, 15 mmol) dropwise via syringe. 3-Methoxyacryloyl chloride (0.72 mL 6.5 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The solution was cooled again to 0° C. and 1N HCl (1.5 mL) was added dropwise via pipette. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 min, then water (8.5 mL) was added via an addition funnel. The acetone was removed in vacuo and the resulting solution stirred for 4 h. Crystallization began within 15 min. After stirring for 4 h, the vessel was cooled in an ice bath for 30 min, filtered, and rinsed with ice cold water (2×3 mL) to give compound 3A (0.99 g, 78% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.95 (s, 1H), 8.12 (br s, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.29 (m, 2H), 7.05 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 5.47 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 3.48 (s, 3H), 2.54 (d, J=4.7 Hz, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H); HPLC rt 2.28 min (Condition A).

3B. Example 3

To a 50 mL RBF containing the above compound 3A (0.5 g, 2.0 mmol) was added THF (2.5 mL) and water (2 mL), followed by NBS (0.40 g, 2.22 mmol), and the solution was stirred for 90 min. R-sec-butylthiourea (Ex. 2) (267 mg), was added, and the solution was heated to 75° C. for 8 h. Conc. NH₄OH was added to adjust the pH to 10 followed by the addition of EtOH (15 mL). Water (15 mL) was added and the slurry stirred for 16 h, filtered, and washed with water to give Example 3 as a light brown solid (0.48 g, 69% yield, 98% purity). MS 347.1; HPLC 2.59.

Example 4

Preparation of:

Example 4 is prepared following the methods of Example 3 but using the appropriate acryl benzamide and Example 1.

Example 5

Preparation of:

N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide (The compound of Formula (IV))

5A. 1-(6-Chloro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)thiourea

To a stirring slurry of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methylpyrimidine (6.13 g, 42.7 mmol) in THF (24 mL) was added ethyl isothiocyanatoformate (7.5 mL, 63.6 mmol), and the mixture heated to reflux. After 5 h, another portion of ethyl isothiocyanato formate (1.0 mL, 8.5 mmol) was added and after 10 h, a final portion (1.5 mL, 12.7 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred 6 h more. The slurry was evaporated under vacuum to remove most of the solvent and heptane (6 mL) added to the residue. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration and washed with heptane (2×5 mL) giving 8.01 g (68% yield) of the intermediate ethyl 6-chloro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylcarbamothioylcarbamate.

A solution of ethyl 6-chloro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylcarbamothioylcarbamate (275 mg, 1.0 mmol) and 1N sodium hydroxide (3.5 eq) was heated and stirred at 50° C. for 2 h. The resulting slurry was cooled to 20-22° C. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with water, and dried to give 185 mg of 1-(6-chloro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)thiourea (91% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ2.51 (S, 3H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 9.35 (s, 1H), 10.07 (s, 1H), 10.91 (s, 1H); ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 25.25, 104.56, 159.19, 159.33, 167.36, 180.91.

5B. (E)-N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-3-ethoxyacrylamide

To a cold stirring solution of 2-chloro-6-methylaniline (59.5 g 0.42 mol) and pyridine (68 ml, 0.63 mol) in THF (600 mL) was added 3-ethoxyacryloyl chloride (84.7 g, 0.63 mol) slowly keeping the temp at 0-5° C. The mixture was then warmed and stirred for 2 h. at 20° C. Hydrochloric acid (1N, 115 mL) was added at 0-10° C. The mixture was diluted with water (310 mL) and the resulting solution was concentrated under vacuum to a thick slurry. The slurry was diluted with toluene (275 mL) and stirred for 15 min. at 20-22° C. then 1 h. at 0° C. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with water (2×75 mL) and dried to give 74.1 g (73.6% yield) of (E)-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-3-ethoxyacrylamide). ¹H NMR (400 Hz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.26 (t, 3H, J=7 Hz), 2.15 (s, 3H), 3.94 (q, 2H, J=7 Hz), 5.58 (d, 1H, J=12.4 Hz), 7.10-7.27 (m, 2H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.27-7.37 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.45 (d, 1H, J=12.4 Hz), 9.28 (s, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 14.57, 18.96, 67.17, 97.99, 126.80, 127.44, 129.07, 131.32, 132.89, 138.25, 161.09, 165.36.

5C. 2-Amino-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)thiazole-5-carboxamide

To a mixture of compound 5B (5.00 g, 20.86 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (27 mL) and water (27 mL) was added NBS (4.08 g, 22.9 mmol) at −10 to 0° C. The slurry was warmed and stirred at 20-22° C. for 3 h. Thiourea (1.60 g, 21 mmol) was added and the mixture heated to 80° C. After 2 h, the resulting solution was cooled to 20-22° and conc. ammonium hydroxide (4.2 mL) was added dropwise. The resulting slurry was concentrated under vacuum to about half volume and cooled to 0-5° C. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with cold water (10 mL), and dried to give 5.3 g (94.9% yield) of 2-amino-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)thiazole-5-carboxamide. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ δ 2.19 (s, 3H), 7.09-7.29 (m, 2H, J=7.5), 7.29-7.43 (d, 1H, J=7.5), 7.61 (s, 2H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 9.63 (s, 1H); ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 18.18, 120.63, 126.84, 127.90, 128.86, 132.41, 133.63, 138.76, 142.88, 159.45, 172.02.

5D. 2-(6-Chloro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)thiazole-5-carboxamide

To a stirring solution of compound 5C (5.00 g, 18.67 mmol) and 4,6-dichloro-2-methylpyrimidine (3.65 g 22.4/mmol) in THF (65 mL) was added a 30% wt. solution of sodium t-butoxide in THF (21.1 g, 65.36 mmol) slowly with cooling to keep the temperature at 10-20° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h and cooled to 0-5° C. Hydrochloric acid, 2N (21.5 mL) was added slowly and the mixture stirred 1.75 h at 0-5° C. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with water (15 mL) and dried to give 6.63 g (86.4% yield) of compound 5D. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 7.18-7.34, (m, 2H, J=7.5), 7.34-7.46 (d, 1H, J=7.5), 8.31 (s, 1H), 10.02 (s, 1H), 12.25 (s, 1H).

5E. Example 5

To a mixture of compound 5D (4.00 g, 10.14 mmol) and hydroxyethylpiperazine (6.60 g, 50.69 mmol) in n-butanol (40 mL) was added DIPEA (3.53 mL, 20.26 mmol). The slurry was heated at 118° C. for 4.5 h, then cooled slowly to room temperature. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with n-butanol (5 mL), and dried. The product (5.11 g) was dissolved in hot 80% EtOH—H₂O (80 mL), and the solution was clarified by filtration. The hot solution was slowly diluted with water (15 mL) and cooled slowly to room temperature. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with 50% ethanol-water (5 mL) and dried affording 4.27 g (83.2% yield) of N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide as monohydrate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.42 (t, 2H, J=6), 2.48 (t, 4H, J=6.3), 3.50 (m, 4H), 3.53 (q, 2H, J=6), 4.45 (t, 1H, J=5.3), 6.04 (s, 1H), 7.25 (t, 1H, J=7.6), 7.27 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 1.7), 7.40 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 1.7), 8.21 (s, 1H), 9.87 (s, 1H), 11.47.

Example 6

Preparation of:

N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide

To a slurry of (E)-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-3-ethoxyacrylamide 5B (120 mg, 0.50 mmol) in THF (0.75 ml) and water (0.5 mL) was added NBS (98 mg, 0.55 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was warmed and stirred at 20-22° C. for 3 h. To this was added 1-(6-chloro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)thiourea 5A (100 mg, 0.49 mmol), and the slurry heated and stirred at reflux for 2 h. The slurry was cooled to 20-22° C. and the solid collected by vacuum filtration giving 140 mg (71% yield) of 2-(6-chloro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)thiazole-5-carboxamide 5D. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 7.18-7.34, (m, 2H, J=7.5), 7.34-7.46 (d, 1H, J=7.5), 8.31 (s, 1H), 10.02 (s, 1H), 12.25 (s, 1H).

Compound 5D was elaborated to N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide, following Step 5E.

Example 7

Preparation of:

N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide7A. 2-[4-(6-Chloro-2-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethanol

2-Piperazin-1-yl-ethanol (8.2 g, 63.1 mmol) was added to a solution of 4,6-dichloro-2-methylpyrimidine (5.2 g, 31.9 mmol) in dichloromethane (80 ml) at rt. The mixture was stirred for two hours and triethylamine (0.9 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt for 20 h. The resultant solid was filtered. The cake was washed with dichloromethane (20 ml). The filtrate was concentrated to give an oil. This oil was dried under high vacuum for 20 h to give a solid. This solid was stirred with heptane (50 ml) at rt for 5 h. Filtration gave 7C (8.13 g) as a white solid

7B. Example 7

To a 250 ml of round bottom flask were charged compound 5C (1.9 g, 7.1 mmol), compound 7C (1.5 g, 5.9 mmol), K₂CO₃ (16 g, 115.7 mmol), Pd (OAc)₂ (52 mg, 0.23 mmol) and BINAP (291 mg, 0.46 mmol). The flask was placed under vacuum and flushed with nitrogen. Toluene was added (60 ml). The suspension was heated to 100-110° C. and stirred at this temperature for 20 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was applied to a silica gel column. The column was first eluted with EtOAC, and then with 10% of MeOH in EtOAC. Finally, the column was washed with 10% 2M ammonia solution in MeOH/90% EtOAC. The fractions which contained the desired product were collected and concentrated to give compound IV as a yellow solid (2.3 g).

Analytical Methods

Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SSNMR)

All solid-state C-13 NMR measurements were made with a Bruker DSX-400, 400 MHz NMR spectrometer. High resolution spectra were obtained using high-power proton decoupling and the TPPM pulse sequence and ramp amplitude cross-polarization (RAMP-CP) with magic-angle spinning (MAS) at approximately 12 kHz (A. E. Bennett et al, J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 103, 6951), (G. Metz, X. Wu and S. O, Smith, J. Magn. Reson. A, 1994, 110, 219-227). Approximately 70 mg of sample, packed into a canister-design zirconia rotor was used for each experiment. Chemical shifts (6) were referenced to external adamantane with the high frequency resonance being set to 38.56 ppm (W. L. Earl and D. L. VanderHart, J. Magn. Reson., 1982, 48, 35-54).

X-Ray Powder Diffraction

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that an X-ray diffraction pattern may be obtained with a measurement error that is dependent upon the measurement conditions employed. In particular, it is generally known that intensities in a X-ray diffraction pattern may fluctuate depending upon measurement conditions employed. It should be further understood that relative intensities may also vary depending upon experimental conditions and, accordingly, the exact order of intensity should not be taken into account. Additionally, a measurement error of diffraction angle for a conventional X-ray diffraction pattern is typically about 5% or less, and such degree of measurement error should be taken into account as pertaining to the aforementioned diffraction angles. Consequently, it is to be understood that the crystal forms of the instant invention are not limited to the crystal forms that provide X-ray diffraction patterns completely identical to the X-ray diffraction patterns depicted in the accompanying Figures disclosed herein. Any crystal forms that provide X-ray diffraction patterns substantially identical to those disclosed in the accompanying Figures fall within the scope of the present invention. The ability to ascertain substantial identities of X-ray diffraction patterns is within the purview of one of ordinary skill in the art.

X-Ray powder diffraction data for the crystalline forms of Compound (IV) were obtained using a Bruker GADDS (BRUKER AXS, Inc., 5465 East Cheryl Parkway Madison, Wis. 53711 USA) (General Area Detector Diffraction System) manual chi platform goniometer. Powder samples were placed in thin walled glass capillaries of 1 mm or less in diameter; the capillary was rotated during data collection. The sample-detector distance was 17 cm. The radiation was Cu Kα (45 kV 111 mA, λ=1.5418 Å). Data were collected for 3<2θ<35° with a sample exposure time of at least 300 seconds.

Single Crystal X-Ray

All single crystal data were collected on a Bruker-Nonius (BRUKER AXS, Inc., 5465 East Cheryl Parkway Madison, Wis. 53711 USA) Kappa CCD 2000 system using Cu Kα radiation (λ=1.5418 Å) and were corrected only for the Lorentz-polarization factors. Indexing and processing of the measured intensity data were carried out with the HKL2000 software package (Otwinowski, Z. & Minor, W. (1997) in Macromolecular Crystallography, eds. Carter, W. C. Jr. & Sweet, R. M. (Academic, NY), Vol. 276, pp. 307-326) in the Collect program suite (Data collection and processing user interface: Collect: Data collection software, R. Hooft, Nonius B. V., 1998).

The structures were solved by direct methods and refined on the basis of observed reflections using either the SDP (SDP, Structure Determination Package, Enraf-Nonius, Bohemia N.Y. 11716 Scattering factors, including f′ and f″, in the SDP software were taken from the “International Tables for Crystallography”, Kynoch Press, Birmingham, England, 1974; Vol IV, Tables 2.2A and 2.3.1) software package with minor local modifications or the crystallographic package, MAXUS (maXus solution and refinement software suite: S. Mackay, C. J. Gilmore, C. Edwards, M. Tremayne, N. Stewart, K. Shankland. maXus: a computer program for the solution and refinement of crystal structures from diffraction data).

The derived atomic parameters (coordinates and temperature factors) were refined through full matrix least-squares. The function minimized in the refinements was Σ_w(|F_o|−|F_c|)². R is defined as Σ∥F_o|−|F_c∥/Σ|F_o| while R_w=[Σ_w(|F_o|−|F_c|)₂/Σ_w|F_o|²]^1/2 where w is an appropriate weighting function based on errors in the observed intensities. Difference maps were examined at all stages of refinement. Hydrogens were introduced in idealized positions with isotropic temperature factors, but no hydrogen parameters were varied.

The derived atomic parameters (coordinates and temperature factors) were refined through full matrix least-squares. The function minimized in the refinements was Σ_w(|F_o|−|F_c|)². R is defined as Σ∥F_o|−|F_c∥/Σ|F_o| while R_w=[Σ_w(|F_o|−|F_c|)₂/Σ_w|F_o|²]^1/2 where w is an appropriate weighting function based on errors in the observed intensities. Difference maps were examined at all stages of refinement. Hydrogens were introduced in idealized positions with isotropic temperature factors, but no hydrogen parameters were varied

Differential Scanning Calorimetry

The DSC instrument used to test the crystalline forms was a TA INSTRUMENTS° model Q1000. The DSC cell/sample chamber was purged with 100 ml/min of ultra-high purity nitrogen gas. The instrument was calibrated with high purity indium. The accuracy of the measured sample temperature with this method is within about +/−1° C., and the heat of fusion can be measured within a relative error of about +/−5%. The sample was placed into an open aluminum DSC pan and measured against an empty reference pan. At least 2 mg of sample powder was placed into the bottom of the pan and lightly tapped down to ensure good contact with the pan. The weight of the sample was measured accurately and recorded to a hundredth of a milligram. The instrument was programmed to heat at 10° C. per minute in the temperature range between 25 and 350° C.

The heat flow, which was normalized by a sample weight, was plotted versus the measured sample temperature. The data were reported in units of watts/gram (“W/g”). The plot was made with the endothermic peaks pointing down. The endothermic melt peak was evaluated for extrapolated onset temperature, peak temperature, and heat of fusion in this analysis.

Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)

The TGA instrument used to test the crystalline forms was a TA INSTRUMENTS® model Q500. Samples of at least 10 milligrams were analyzed at a heating rate of 10° C. per minute in the temperature range between 25° C. and about 350° C.

Example 8

Preparation of:

Crystalline monohydrate of N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide (IV)

An example of the crystallization procedure to obtain the crystalline monohydrate form is shown here:

Charge 48 g of the compound of formula (IV).

Charge approximately 1056 mL (22 mL/g) of ethyl alcohol, or other suitable alcohol.

Charge approximately 144 mL of water.

Dissolve the suspension by heating to approximately 75° C.

Optional: Polish filter by transfer the compound of formula (IV) solution at 75° C. through the preheated filter and into the receiver.

Rinse the dissolution reactor and transfer lines with a mixture of 43 mL of ethanol and 5 mL of water.

Heat the contents in the receiver to 75-80° C. and maintain 75-80° C. to achieve complete dissolution.

Charge approximately 384 mL of water at a rate such that the batch temperature is maintained between 75-80° C.

Cool to 75° C., and, optionally, charge monohydrate seed crystals. Seed crystals are not essential to obtaining monohydrate, but provide better control of the crystallization.

Cool to 70° C. and maintain 70° C. for ca. 1 h.

Cool from 70 to 5 C over 2 h, and maintain the temperature between 0 at 5° C. for at least 2 h.

Filter the crystal slurry.

Wash the filter cake with a mixture of 96 mL of ethanol and 96 mL of water.

Dry the material at ≦50° C. under reduced pressure until the water content is 3.4 to 4.1% by KF to afford 41 g (85 M %).

Alternately, the monohydrate can be obtained by:

1) An aqueous solution of the acetate salt of compound IV was seeded with monohydrate and heated at 80° C. to give bulk monohydrate.

2) An aqueous solution of the acetate salt of compound IV was seeded with monohydrate. On standing several days at room temperature, bulk monohydrate had formed.

3) An aqueous suspension of compound IV was seeded with monohydrate and heated at 70° C. for 4 hours to give bulk monohydrate. In the absence of seeding, an aqueous slurry of compound IV was unchanged after 82 days at room temperature.

4) A solution of compound IV in a solvent such as NMP or DMA was treated with water until the solution became cloudy and was held at 75-85° C. for several hours. Monohydrate was isolated after cooling and filtering.

5) A solution of compound IV in ethanol, butanol, and water was heated. Seeds of monohydrate were added to the hot solution and then cooled. Monohydrate was isolated upon cooling and filtration.

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the monohydrate of the compound of formula (IV) may be represented by the XRPD as shown in FIG. 1 or by a representative sampling of peaks as shown in Table 1.

Representative peaks taken from the XRPD of the monohydrate of the compound of formula (IV) are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 2-Theta d(Å) Height 17.994 4.9257 915 18.440 4.8075 338 19.153 4.6301 644 19.599 4.5258 361 21.252 4.1774 148 24.462 3.6359 250 25.901 3.4371 133 28.052 3.1782 153

The XRPD is also characterized by the following list comprising 2θ values selected from the group consisting of: 4.6±0.2, 11.2±0.2, 13.8±0.2, 15.2±0.2, 17.9±0.2, 19.1±0.2, 19.6±0.2, 23.2±0.2, 23.6±0.2. The XRPD is also characterized by the list of 2θ values selected from the group consisting of: 18.0±0.2, 18.4±0.2, 19.2±0.2, 19.6±0.2, 21.2±0.2, 24.5±0.2, 25.9±0.2, and 28.0±0.2.

Single crystal x-ray data was obtained at room temperature (+25° C.). The molecular structure was confirmed as a monohydrate form of the compound of Formula (IV).

The following unit cell parameters were obtained for the monohydrate of the compound of formula (IV) from the x-ray analysis at 25° C.:

a(Å)=13.8632(7); b(Å)=9.3307(3); c(Å)=38.390(2);

V(ų) 4965.9(4); Z′=1; Vm=621

Space group Pbca

Molecules/unit cell 8

Density (calculated) (g/cm³) 1.354

wherein Z′=number of drug molecules per asymmetric unit. Vm=V(unit cell)/(Z drug molecules per cell).

Single crystal x-ray data was also obtained at −50° C. The monohydrate form of the compound of Formula (IV) is characterized by unit cell parameters approximately equal to the following:

Cell dimensions: a(Å)=13.862(1);

• • b(Å)=9.286(1);
  • c(Å)=38.143(2);

Volume=4910(1) ų

Space group Pbca

Molecules/unit cell 8

Density (calculated) (g/cm³) 1.369

wherein the compound is at a temperature of about −50° C.

The simulated XRPD was calculated from the refined atomic parameters at room temperature.

The monohydrate of the compound of formula (IV) is represented by the DSC as shown in FIG. 2. The DSC is characterized by a broad peak between approximately 95° C. and 130° C. This peak is broad and variable and corresponds to the loss of one water of hydration as seen in the TGA graph. The DSC also has a characteristic peak at approximately 287° C. which corresponds to the melt of the dehydrated form of the compound of formula (IV).

The TGA for the monohydrate of the compound of Formula (IV) is shown in FIG. 2 along with the DSC. The TGA shows a 3.48% weight loss from 50° C. to 175° C. The weight loss corresponds to a loss of one water of hydration from the compound of Formula (IV).

The monohydrate may also be prepared by crystallizing from alcoholic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, i-propanol, butanol, pentanol, and water.

Example 9

Preparation of:

Crystalline n-butanol solvate of N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide (IV)

The crystalline butanol solvate of the compound of formula (IV) is prepared by dissolving compound (IV) in 1-butanol at reflux (116-118° C.) at a concentration of approximately 1 g/25 mL of solvent. Upon cooling, the butanol solvate crystallizes out of solution. Filter, wash with butanol, and dry.

The following unit cell parameters were obtained from the x-ray analysis for the crystalline butanol solvate, obtained at room temperature:

a(Å)=22.8102(6); b(Å)=8.4691(3); c(Å)=15.1436(5); β=95.794(2);

V(ų) 2910.5(2); Z′=1; Vm=728

Space group P2₁/a

Molecules/unit cell 4

Density (calculated) (g/cm³) 1.283

wherein Z′=number of drug molecules per asymmetric unit. Vm=V(unit cell)/(Z drug molecules per cell).

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the butanol solvate of the compound of formula (IV) may be represented by the XRPD as shown in FIG. 3 or by a representative sampling of peaks. Representative peaks for the crystalline butanol solvate are 2θ values of: 5.9±0.2, 12.0±0.2, 13.0±0.2, 17.7±0.2, 24.1±0.2, and 24.6±0.2.

Example 10

Preparation of:

Crystalline ethanol solvate of N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide (IV)

To a 100-mL round bottom flask was charged 4.00 g (10.1 mmol) of 5D (contained 2.3 Area % 5C) 6.60 g (50.7 mmol) of 7B, 80 mL of n-butanol and 2.61 g (20.2 mmol) of DIPEA. The resulting slurry was heated to 120° C. and maintained at 120° C. for 4.5 h whereby HPLC analysis showed 0.19 relative Area % of residual 5D to compound IV. The homogeneous mixture was cooled to 20° C. and left stirring overnight. The resulting crystals were filtered. The wet cake was washed twice with 10-mL portions of n-butanol to afford a white crystalline product. HPLC analysis showed this material to contain 99.7 Area % compound IV and 0.3 Area % 5C.

The resulting wet cake was returned to the 100-mL reactor, and charged with 56 mL (12 mL/g) of 200 proof ethanol. At 80° C. an additional 25 mL of ethanol was added. To this mixture was added 10 mL of water resulting in rapid dissolution. Heat was removed and crystallization was observed at 75-77° C. The crystal slurry was further cooled to 20° C. and filtered. The wet cake was washed once with 10 mL of 1:1 ethanol:water and once with 10 mL of n-heptane. The wet cake contained 1.0% water by KF and 8.10% volatiles by LOD. The material was dried at 60° C./30 in Hg for 17 h to afford 3.55 g (70 M %) of material containing only 0.19% water by KF, 99.87 Area % by HPLC. The ¹H NMR spectrum, however revealed that the ethanol solvate had been formed.

The following unit cell parameters were obtained from the x-ray analysis for the crystalline ethanol solvate (di-ethanolate, E2-1), obtained at −40° C.:

a(Å)=22.076(1); b(Å)=8.9612(2); c(Å)=16.8764(3); β=114.783(1);

V(ų) 3031.1(1); Z′=1; Vm=758

Space group P2₁/a

Molecules/unit cell 4

Density (calculated) (g/cm³) 1.271

wherein Z′=number of drug molecules per asymmetric unit. Vm=V(unit cell)/(Z drug molecules per cell).

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the ethanol solvate (E2-1) of the compound of formula (IV) may be represented by the XRPD as shown in FIG. 4 or by a representative sampling of peaks. Representative peaks for the crystalline ethanol solvate are 2θ values of: 5.8±0.2, 11.3±0.2, 15.8±0.2, 17.2±0.2, 19.5±0.2, 24.1±0.2, 25.3±0.2, and 26.2±0.2.

In addition, during the process to form the ethanolate (diethanolate) the formation of another ethanol solvate (½ ethanolate, T1E2-1) has been observed. To date this additional ethanol solvate is known strictly as a partial desolvation product of the original diethanolate form E2-1, and has only been observed on occasion during crystallization of E2-1

The following unit cell parameters were obtained from the x-ray analysis for the crystalline ½ ethanol solvate T1E2-1, obtained at −10° C.:

a(Å)=22.03(2); b(Å)=9.20(1); c(Å)=12.31(1);

β=93.49(6)

V(ų) 2491(4)); Z′=1; Vm=623;

Space group P2₁/a

Molecules/unit cell 4

Density (calculated) (g/cm³) 1.363

wherein Z′=number of drug molecules per asymmetric unit. Vm=V(unit cell)/(Z drug molecules per cell).

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the ethanol solvate (T1E2-1) of the compound of formula (IV) may be represented by the XRPD as shown in FIG. 7 or by a representative sampling of peaks. Representative peaks for the crystalline ethanol solvate are 2θ values of: 7.20±0.2, 12.01±0.2, 12.81±0.2, 18.06±0.2, 19.30±0.2, and 25.24±0.2.

Example 11

Preparation of:

Crystalline N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide (IV) (Neat form N-6)

To a mixture of compound 5D (175.45 g, 0.445 mol) and hydroxyethylpiperazine (289.67 g, 2.225 mol) in NMP (1168 mL) was added DIPEA (155 mL, 0.89 mol). The suspension was heated at 110° C. (solution obtained) for 25 min., then cooled to about 90° C. The resulting hot solution was added dropwise into hot (80° C.) water (8010) mL, keeping the temperature at about 80° C. The resulting suspension was stirred 15 min at 80° C. then cooled slowly to room temperature. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with water (2×1600 mL) and dried in vacuo at 55-60° C. affording 192.45 g (88.7% yield) of N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.43 (t, 2H, J=6), 2.49 (t, 4H, J=6.3), 3.51 (m, 4H), 3.54 (q, 2H, J=6), 4.46 (t, 1H, J=5.3), 6.05 (s, 1H), 7.26 (t, 1H, J=7.6), 7.28 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 1.7), 7.41 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 1.7), 8.23 (s, 1H), 9.89 (s, 1H), 11.48. KF0.84; DSC: 285.25° C. (onset), 286.28° C. (max).

The following unit cell parameters were obtained from the x-ray analysis for the neat crystalline compound IV, obtained at 23° C.:

a(Å)=22.957(1); b(Å)=8.5830(5); c(Å)=13.803(3); β=112.039(6);

V(ų)=2521.0(5); Z′=1; Vm=630

Space group P2₁/a

Molecules/unit cell 4

Density (calculated) (g/cm³) 1.286

wherein Z′=number of drug molecules per asymmetric unit. Vm=V(unit cell)/(Z drug molecules per cell).

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the crystalline form of the compound of formula (IV) may be represented by the XRPD as shown in FIG. 5 or by a representative sampling of peaks. Representative peaks for the crystalline neat form (N-6) are 2θ values of: 6.8±0.2, 11.1±0.2, 12.3±0.2, 13.2±0.2, 13.7±0.2, 16.7±0.2, 21.0±0.2, 24.3±0.2, and 24.8±0.2.

Example 12

Preparation of:

Crystalline N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(3-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide (IV) (neat form T1H1-7)

The title neat form may be prepared by heating the monohydrate form of the compound of formula (IV) above the dehydration temperature.

The following unit cell parameters were obtained from the x-ray analysis for the neat crystalline (T1H1-7) compound IV, obtained at 25° C.:

a(Å)=13.4916; b(Å)=9.3992(2); c(Å)=38.817(1);

V(ų)=4922.4(3); Z′=1; Vm=615

Space group Pbca

Density (calculated) (g/cm³) 1.317

wherein Z′=number of drug molecules per asymmetric unit. Vm=V(unit cell)/(Z drug molecules per cell).

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the neat crystalline form (T1H1-7) of the compound of formula (IV) may be represented by the XRPD as shown in FIG. 6 or by a representative sampling of peaks. Representative peaks for the crystalline neat form (T1H1-7)) are 2θ values of: 8.0±0.2, 9.7±0.2, 11.2±0.2, 13.3±0.2, 17.5±0.2, 18.9±0.2, 21.0±0.2, 22.0±0.2.

Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.

2-Aminothiazole (1) was discovered as a novel Src family kinase inhibitor template through screening of our internal compound collection. Optimization through successive structure−activity relationship iterations identified analogs 2 (Dasatinib, BMS-354825) and 12m as pan-Src inhibitors with nanomolar to subnanomolar potencies in biochemical and cellular assays. Molecular modeling was used to construct a putative binding model for Lck inhibition by this class of compounds. The framework of key hydrogen-bond interactions proposed by this model was in agreement with the subsequent, published crystal structure of 2 bound to structurally similar Abl kinase. The oral efficacy of this class of inhibitors was demonstrated with 12m in inhibiting the proinflammatory cytokine IL-2 ex vivo in mice (ED₅₀ ∼ 5 mg/kg) and in reducing TNF levels in an acute murine model of inflammation (90% inhibition in LPS-induced TNFα production when dosed orally at 60 mg/kg, 2 h prior to LPS administration). The oral efficacy of 12m was further demonstrated in a chronic model of adjuvant arthritis in rats with established disease when administered orally at 0.3 and 3 mg/kg twice daily. Dasatinib (2) is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia.

PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2019209908A1/en

 

Dasatinib (DAS), having the chemical designation N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2- [[6-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-l-piperazinyl]-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-5- thiazolecarboxamide, monohydrate, is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB; EGFR) family, with antineoplastic activity. Dasatinib has the following structure:

Dasatinib is commercially marketed under the name SPRY CEL® and is indicated for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase, for the treatment of patients chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy and for the treatment of patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy.

Solid forms of dasatinib are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 7491725 (butanol solvate, monohydrate, diethanolate, hemi-ethanolate, anhydrous), 8680103 (butanol solvate, monohydrate, diethanolate, hemi-ethanolate, anhydrous), 7973045 (anhydrous), 8067423 (isopropyl alcohol solvate), 8242270 (butanol solvate, monohydrate, diethanolate, hemi- ethanolate, anhydrous), 8884013 (monohydrates), 9249134 (amorphous), 9456992 (solid dispersion nanoparticles), 9556164 (saccharin salt crystal) and 9884857 (saccharinate, glutarate, nicotinate); in U.S. Publication Nos. 20160250153 (solid dispersion nanoparticles), 20160264565 (Form-SDI), 20160361313 (solid dispersion nanoparticles), 20170183334 (salts) and 20140031352 (anti-oxidative acid); in International Publication Nos.

W02010067374 (solvated forms and Form I), W02010139980, W02010139981,

W02013065063 (anhydrous), W02017103057, W02017108605 (solid dispersion),

WO2017134617 (amorphous), WO2014086326 (NMP, isoamyl-OH, 1, 3-propanediol process), WO2015107545, WO2015181573, WO2017134615 (PG solvate), W02010062715 (isosorbide dimethyl ether, N,N’-dimethylethylene urea, N,N’-dimethyl-N,N’-propylene urea), WO2010139979 (DCM, DMSP, monohydrate), WO2011095588 (anhydrate, hydrochloride, hemi-ethanol), W02012014149 (N-methylformamide) and W02017002131 (propandiol, monohydrate); and in Chinese Patent Nos. CN102643275, CN103059013, CN103819469, CN104341410. None of the references describe an ethyl formate solvate of dasatinib.

Dasatinib co-crystals are described in U.S. Patent No. 9,340,536 (co-crystals selected from methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, nicotinamide, ethyl gallate, methyl gallate, propyl gallate, ethyl maltol, vanillin, menthol, and (lR,2S,5R)-(-)-menthol) and International Publication No. W02016001025 (co-crystal selected from menthol or vanillin). None of the references describe dasatinib co-crystal comprising dasatinib and a second compound, as a co-crystal former, wherein the second compound is selected from butyl paraben, propyl paraben and ethyl vanillin.

Dasatinib (DAS), having the chemical designation N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2- [[6-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-l-piperazinyl]-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-5- thiazolecarboxamide, monohydrate, is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB; EGFR) family, with antineoplastic activity. Dasatinib has the following structure:

Dasatinib is commercially marketed under the name SPRY CEL® and is indicated for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase, for the treatment of patients chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy and for the treatment of patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy.

Solid forms of dasatinib are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 7491725 (butanol solvate, monohydrate, diethanolate, hemi-ethanolate, anhydrous), 8680103 (butanol solvate, monohydrate, diethanolate, hemi-ethanolate, anhydrous), 7973045 (anhydrous), 8067423 (isopropyl alcohol solvate), 8242270 (butanol solvate, monohydrate, diethanolate, hemi- ethanolate, anhydrous), 8884013 (monohydrates), 9249134 (amorphous), 9456992 (solid dispersion nanoparticles), 9556164 (saccharin salt crystal) and 9884857 (saccharinate, glutarate, nicotinate); in U.S. Publication Nos. 20160250153 (solid dispersion nanoparticles), 20160264565 (Form-SDI), 20160361313 (solid dispersion nanoparticles), 20170183334 (salts) and 20140031352 (anti-oxidative acid); in International Publication Nos.

W02010067374 (solvated forms and Form I), W02010139980, W02010139981,

W02013065063 (anhydrous), W02017103057, W02017108605 (solid dispersion),

WO2017134617 (amorphous), WO2014086326 (NMP, isoamyl-OH, 1, 3-propanediol process), WO2015107545, WO2015181573, WO2017134615 (PG solvate), W02010062715 (isosorbide dimethyl ether, N,N’-dimethylethylene urea, N,N’-dimethyl-N,N’-propylene urea), WO2010139979 (DCM, DMSP, monohydrate), WO2011095588 (anhydrate, hydrochloride, hemi-ethanol), W02012014149 (N-methylformamide) and W02017002131 (propandiol, monohydrate); and in Chinese Patent Nos. CN102643275, CN103059013, CN103819469, CN104341410. None of the references describe an ethyl formate solvate of dasatinib.

Dasatinib co-crystals are described in U.S. Patent No. 9,340,536 (co-crystals selected from methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, nicotinamide, ethyl gallate, methyl gallate, propyl gallate, ethyl maltol, vanillin, menthol, and (lR,2S,5R)-(-)-menthol) and International Publication No. W02016001025 (co-crystal selected from menthol or vanillin). None of the references describe dasatinib co-crystal comprising dasatinib and a second compound, as a co-crystal former, wherein the second compound is selected from butyl paraben, propyl paraben and ethyl vanillin.

 hereafter.

PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2013065063A1/en

Dasatinib, N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2- [(6-[4-

(2-hydroxyl)- 1 -piperazinyl]-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-5- thiazolecarboxamide compound having the following chemical structure of Formula (I)

Formula I

Also known as BMS-354825, it is a drug produced by Bristol Myers Squibb and sold under the trade name Sprycel. Dasatinib is an oral dual BCR/ABL and SRC family tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for use in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) after Imatinib treatment has failed and Philadelphia chromosome- positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + ALL). It is also being assessed for use in metastatic melanoma.

A preparation of Dasatinib is described in US patent No. 6596746 (B l ), where the process is done by reacting compound of the following formula III with N-(2- hydroxyethyl) piperazine at 80° C.

Formula III

The compound of Formula (I) and its preparation is described in US Patent No. 6596746, US patent application No. 2005/0176965 Al , and US patent application No. 2006/0004067 Al .

l Polymorphism is defined as “the ability of a substance to exist as two or more crystalline phases that have different arrangement and /or conformations of the molecules in the crystal Lattice. Thus, in the strict sense, polymorphs are different crystalline forms of the same pure substance in which the molecules have different arrangements and / or different configurations of the molecules”. Different polymorphs may differ in their physical properties such as melting point, solubility, X-ray diffraction patterns, 1R etc. Polymorphic forms of a compound can be distinguished in the laboratory by analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Infrared spectrometry (IR). Solvent medium and mode of crystallization play very important role in obtaining a crystalline form.

The discovery of new polymorphic forms is a continuing goal of formulators. The new polymorphs may be advantageous for dosage form development and enhancing bioavailability owing to the altered physiochemical properties. Some form may turn out to be more efficacious. Discovering novel processes to prepare known polymorphic forms is also a primary goal of the pharmaceutical development scientists. New processes can provide novel intermediates or synthetic pathways that result in product with increased chemical and polymorphic purity in addition to providing cost and other advantages. There is thus a need to provide novel synthetic routes and intermediates that can realize these goals.

Several crystalline forms of Dasatinib are described in the literature; these are designated as HI -7, BU-2, E2-1 , N-6, T1 H1 -7 and TIE2-1. Crystalline Dasatinib monohydrate (H I -7) and butanol solvate (BU-2) along with the processes for their preparation are described in WO 2005077945. In addition US 2006/0004067, which is continuation of US 2005215795 also describe two ethanol solvates (E2-1 ; TIE2-1) and two anhydrous forms (N-6 and T1 H1 -7).

WO 2009053854 discloses various Dasatinib solvates including their crystalline form, amorphous form and anhydrous form.

US patent No. 7973045 discloses the anhydrous form of Dasatinib and process for preparation thereof. The anhydrous form disclosed therein have typical characteristic XRD peaks at about 7.2, 1 1.9, 14.4, 16.5, 17.3, 19.1 , 20.8, 22.4, 23.8, 25.3 and 29.1 on the 2- theta value. WO 2010062715 discloses isosorbide dimethyl ether solvate, Ν,Ν’- dimethylethylene urea solvate and N,N’-dimethyl-N,N’-propylene urea solvate of Dasatinib.

WO 2010067374 discloses novel crystalline form I, solvates of DMF, DMSO, toluene, isopropyl acetate and processes for their preparation.

WO 2010139979 discloses MDC solvate and process of preparation, for use in the manufacture of pure Dasatinib.

WO 2010139980 discloses a process for the preparation of crystalline Dasatinib monohydrate.

The present invention is a step forward in this direction and provides a novel anhydrous form and process for its preparation, which can be used for the preparation of pure Dasatinib, in particularly Dasatinib monohydrate.

The process for preparing Dasatinib monohydrate is described in US 2006/0004067. Further studies by the inventors have shown that the preparation of Dasatinib by using the method, which is disclosed in US 2006/0004067 yields the monohydrate with ~ 90% purity. Therefore the present invention provides a novel anhydrous form which can be used to get Dasatinib monohydrate with high yield and purity.

Preparing API with increased purity is always an aim of the pharmaceutical development team. The inventors of the present invention have found that preparing

Dasatinib monohydrate using the novel anhydrous form of the present invention resulted in a highly pure product with a good yield.

Scheme 1 shows a general process for the preparation of Dasatinib as disclosed in US 2006/0004067. Intermediate 3 and N-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine are heated together in a solvent system comprising n-butanol as a solvent and diisopropyl ethylamine (DIPEA) as a base. On cooling of the reaction mixture, Dasatinib precipitates out which is isolated by filtration.

Dasatinib

Scheme 1

Example – 1

In a reaction vessel, N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-[(6-chloro-2-methyl-4- pyrimidinyl) amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide (1 gm, 2.54 mmol) and N-(2- hydroxyethyl) piperazine (5.3 gm, 40.70 mmol) was added under stirring. The reaction mixture was heated at 80 °C for 2H. Acetonitrile was added into reaction mixture at 80 °C and stirred for 30 min. Cooled the suspension to room temperature and stirred for 30 min. Filtered, washed with acetonitrile and dried at 60 °C under vacuum to get 950 mg anhydrous N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-[(6-[4-(2-hydroxy 1)- 1 -piperaziny l]-2- methyl-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-5-thiazole carboxamide (76.73 % Yield).

HPLC Purity 99.90 %

M/C by KF 0.12 %

DSC 278.17 °C

TGA 2.05 %

XRD as provided in Fig. 2

Patent

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References

Further reading[edit]

External links

• “Dasatinib”. Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Dasatinib

Clinical data
Trade names	Sprycel, Dasanix
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a607063
License data	EU EMA: by INN US DailyMed: Dasatinib US FDA: Dasatinib
Pregnancy category	AU: D
Routes of administration	By mouth (tablets)
ATC code	L01EA02 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) [1] US: ℞-only EU: Rx-only [2] In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	96%
Metabolism	Liver
Elimination half-life	1.3 to 5 hours
Excretion	Fecal (85%), kidney (4%)
Identifiers
show IUPAC name
CAS Number	302962-49-8
PubChem CID	3062316
IUPHAR/BPS	5678
DrugBank	DB01254
ChemSpider	2323020
UNII	X78UG0A0RN
KEGG	D03658
ChEBI	CHEBI:49375
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1421
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID4040979
ECHA InfoCard	100.228.321
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C22H26ClN7O2S
Molar mass	488.01 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
hide SMILES Cc1cccc(c1NC(=O)c2cnc(s2)Nc3cc(nc(n3)C)N4CCN(CC4)CCO)Cl
hide InChI InChI=1S/C22H26ClN7O2S/c1-14-4-3-5-16(23)20(14)28-21(32)17-13-24-22(33-17)27-18-12-19(26-15(2)25-18)30-8-6-29(7-9-30)10-11-31/h3-5,12-13,31H,6-11H2,1-2H3,(H,28,32)(H,24,25,26,27)  Key:ZBNZXTGUTAYRHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

/////////////DASATINIB, BMS 35482503, KIN 001-5, NSC 759877, Sprycel, BMS, APOTEX, ダサチニブ水和物 , X78UG0A0RN, дазатиниб , دازاتينيب , 达沙替尼 , 

#DASATINIB, #BMS 35482503, #KIN 001-5, #NSC 759877, #Sprycel, #BMS, #APOTEX, #ダサチニブ水和物 , #X78UG0A0RN, #дазатиниб , #دازاتينيب , #达沙替尼 , 

O.Cc1nc(Nc2ncc(s2)C(=O)Nc3c(C)cccc3Cl)cc(n1)N4CCN(CCO)CC4

PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/US8884013B2/en

Example 1Preparation of the Polymorph I

A. Dasatinib (10 g) and DMSO (40 ml) were added into a flask and heated up to 60˜70° C. by stirring, after dissolving, the mixture (120 mL) of water and acetone (1:1) was added under heat preservation. When crystal was precipitated, cooled it down to 0° C. to grow the grains for 10 minutes. Filtrate it and the cake was washed by water and then by the mixture of water and acetone (1:1). After that it was dried under −0.095 MPa at about 50° C. using phosphorus pentoxide as drying aid to give 7.7 g of white solid. Yield was 77%.

Contrasts Index of raw material Items before transformation Index of Polymorph I Appearance off-white powder White crystal powder Related substance 0.85% 0.07% KF moisture 0.67% 3.59% 70~150 0.72% 3.63% TGA weight loss
The following items of products prepared by Method A were detected: microscope-crystal form (See. FIG. 1); XRPD Test (See. FIG. 2), IR Test (See. FIG. 3), DSC-TGA Test (See. FIG. 4-1, 4–2), 13C Solid-state NMR Test (See. FIG. 5).

B. Dasatinib (10 g) and DMSO (40 ml) were added into a flask and heated slowly up to 60˜70° C. by stirring, after dissolving, the mixture (160 mL) of ethanol and water (1:1) was added under heat preservation. When crystal was precipitated, cooled it down to 0° C. to grow the grains for 10 minutes. Filtrate it and the cake was washed by the mixture of ethanol and water (1:1) and dried under −0.095 MPa at about 50° C. using phosphorus pentoxide as drying aid to give 7.7 g of white solid. Yield was 87%.

Contrasts Index of raw material Items before transformation Index of Polymorph I Appearance off-white powder White crystal powder Related substance 0.85% 0.08% KF moisture 0.67% 3.58% 70~150 0.72% 3.67% TGA weight loss

HPLC.

Related Substances Determination

HPLC conditions and system applicability: octadecylsilane bonded silica as the filler; 0.05 mol/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (adjusted to pH 2.5 by phosphoric acid, 0.2% triethylamine)-methanol (45:55) as the mobile phase; detection wavelength was 230 nm; the number of theoretical plates should be not less than 2000, calculated according to the peak of Dasatinib. The resolution of the peak of Dasatinib from the peaks of adjacent impurities should meet requirements.

Determination method: sample was dissolved in mobile phase to be the solution containing 0.5 mg per milliliter. 20 μL of such solution was injected into liquid chromatograph, and chromatogram was recorded until the sixfold retention time of major component peak. If there were impurities peaks in the chromatogram of sample solution, total impurities and any single impurity were calculated by normalization method on the basis of peak area.

Stability of Polymorph in the Formulations

The XRPD patterns of capsules and tablets respectively prepared in the Example 3 and Example 4 have been tested, and compared with XRPD characteristic peaks of Polymorph I of Dasatinib prepared by the Method A in the Example 1 in the present invention, as listed in the following table:

Bulk Drug Capsules 1 Capsules 2 Tablets 2 (Polymorph (Polymorph (Polymorph Tablets 1 (Polymorph I) I) I) (Polymorph I) I) 2θ 2θ 2θ 2θ 2θ 9.060 9.080 9.070 9.060 9.070 11.100 11.120 11.110 11.100 11.110 13.640 13.670 13.650 13.640 13.650 15.100 15.120 15.110 15.100 15.110 17.820 17.840 17.830 17.820 17.820 19.380 19.400 19.390 19.380 19.390 22.940 22.970 22.950 22.950 22.950

The results in the above-mentioned comparative table have shown that the crystal form had substantially no change after Polymorph I of Dasatinib in the invention were prepared into capsules or tablets by the formulation process.

In addition, The relative substances of capsules and tablets respectively prepared in the Example 3 and Example 4 have been tested, and compared with those of Polymorph I of Dasatinib prepared by the Method A in the Example 1 in the present invention, as listed in the following table:

Bulk Drug (Polymorph I) Capsules 1 Capsules 2 Tablets 1 Tablets 2 0.07% 0.08% 0.08% 0.07% 0.08%

The results in the above-mentioned comparative table have shown that the Polymorph I of Dasatinib was stable, and there were no significantly changes in respect to the relative substances, after Polymorph I of Dasatinib in the invention were prepared into capsules or tablets by the formulation process.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

The present invention provides novel polymorphs of Dasatinib, preparing methods, and pharmaceutical composition comprising them. These polymorphs have better physicochemical properties, are more stable and are more suitable for industrial scale production, furthermore, are suitable for long-term storage, and are advantageous to meet the requirements of formulation process and long-term storage of formulations. The preparation technique of this invention was simple, quite easy for operation and convenient for industrial production, and the quality of the products was controllable with paralleled yields. In addition, by the methods of polymorph preparation in this invention, the amount of organic solvent used in crystal transformation could be reduced greatly, which led to reduced cost of products; organic solvents in Class III with low toxicity could be used selectively to prepare the polymorphs of this invention, reducing the toxic effects of the organic solvents potentially on human body to some extent.

PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2010067374A2/en

Dasatinib are antineoplastic agents, which were disclosed in WO Patent Publication No. 00/62778 and U.S. Patent No. 6,596,746. Dasatinib, chemically N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-[[6-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2-methyl-4- pyrimidinyl]amino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide, is represented by the following structure:

Polymorphism is defined as “the ability of a substance to exist as two or more crystalline phases that have different arrangement and /or conformations of the molecules in the crystal Lattice. Thus, in the strict sense, polymorphs are different crystalline forms of the same pure substance in which the molecules have different arrangements and / or different configurations of the molecules”. Different polymorphs may differ in their physical properties such as melting point, solubility, X-ray diffraction patterns, etc. Although those differences disappear once the compound is dissolved, they can appreciably influence pharmaceutically relevant properties of the solid form, such as handling properties, dissolution rate and stability. Such properties can significantly influence the processing, shelf life, and commercial acceptance of a polymorph. It is therefore important to investigate all solid forms of a drug, including all polymorphic forms, and to determine the stability, dissolution and flow properties of each polymorphic form. Polymorphic forms of a compound can be distinguished in the laboratory by analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Infrared spectrometry (IR).

Solvent medium and mode of crystallization play very important role in obtaining a crystalline form over the other. Dasatinib can exist in different polymorphic forms, which differ from each other in terms of stability, physical properties, spectral data and methods of preparation.

U.S. Patent Application No. 2005/0215795 A1 (herein after referred to as the 795 patent application) described five crystalline forms of dasatinib (monohydrate, butanol solvate, ethanol solvate, neat form (N-6) and neat form (T1H1-7)), characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) pattern.

According to the ‘795 patent application, dasatinib monohydrate is characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks expressed as 2Θ at approximately 18.0, 18.4, 19.2, 19.6, 21.2, 24.5, 25.9 and 28.0 ± 0.2 degrees. As per the process exemplified in the ‘795 patent application, dasatinb monohydrate can be obtained in dasatinib, by heating and dissolving the dasatinib in an ethanol and water mixture. Crystallizing the monohydrate from the ethanol and water mixture and cooled to get dasatinib monohydrate.

According to the ‘795 patent application, dasatinib crystalline butanol solvate is characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks expressed as 2Θ at approximately 5.9, 12.0, 13.0, 17.7, 24.1 and 24.6 ± 0.2 degrees.

According to the 795 patent application, dasatinib crystalline ethanol solvate is characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks expressed as 2Θ at approximately 5.8, 11.3, 15.8, 17.2, 19.5, 24.1, 25.3 and 26.2 ± 0.2 degrees.

According to the 795 patent application, dasatinib crystalline neat form (N-6) is characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks expressed as 2Θ at approximately 6.8, 11.1, 12.3, 13.2, 13.7, 16.7, 21.0, 24.3 and 24.8 ± 0.2 degrees.

According to the 795 patent application, dasatinib crystalline neat form (T1H1-7) is characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks expressed as 2Θ at approximately 8.0, 9.7, 11.2, 13.3, 17.5, 18.9, 21.0 and 22.0 ± 0.2 degrees.

U.S. Patent application No. 2006/0094728 disclosed ethanolate form (T1E2-1) of dasatinib, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks expressed as 2Θ at approximately 7.2, 12.0, 12.8, 18.0, 19.3 and 25.2 ± 0.2 degrees. We have discovered novel crystalline form of dasatinib, dasatinib dimethylformamide solvate, dasatinib dimethyl sulfoxide solvate, dasatinib toluene solvate and dasatinib isopropyl acetate solvate.

Another object of the present invention is to provide process for preparing the novel crystalline form of dasatinib, dasatinib dimethylformamide solvate, dasatinib dimethyl sulfoxide solvate, dasatinib toluene solvate, dasatinib isopropyl acetate solvate and known crystalline dasatinib monohydrate.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide pharmaceutical compositions containing the novel crystalline form of dasatinib.

Reference Example

2-(6-Cholro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl-amino)-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl) thiazole-5-carboxamide (15 gm) was added to 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine at 25⁰C and heated to 85⁰C, stirred for 2 hours 30 minutes at 85⁰C. To the solution was added water (500 ml) at 80⁰C and slowly cooled to 25⁰C, stirred for 1 hour at 25⁰C. The solid was collected by filtration and the solid was washed with water (50 ml), and then dried the solid at 55⁰C under vacuum to obtain 15 gm of dasatinib.

Example 1

Dasatinib (5 gm) obtained according to reference example was dissolved in ethyl acetate (300 ml) at 25⁰C and heated to reflux temperature. To the solution was added methanol (100 ml) and stirred for 30 minutes at reflux temperature to form clear solution. The solution was slowly cooled to room temperature and then cooled to O⁰C, stirred for 1 hour at O⁰C. The solid was collected by filtration and the solid was washed with mixture of ethyl acetate and methanol (20 ml, 3:1), and then dried the solid at 50⁰C under vacuum to obtain 3.5 gm of crystalline dasatinib form I.

Example 2

Dasatinib (5 gm, HPLC purity: 99.2%) was dissolved in acetone (100 ml) and methanol (250 ml) and heated to reflux temperature, stirred for 30 minutes at reflux temperature to form clear solution. The solution was cooled to room temperature and then cooled to 20⁰C, stirred for 1 hour at 20⁰C. The solid was collected by filtration and the solid was washed with mixture of acetone (10 ml) and methanol (25 ml), and then dried the solid at 50⁰C under vacuum to obtain 4 gm of crystalline dasatinib form I (HPLC purity: 99.85%).

Example 3

Dasatinib (5 gm, HPLC purity: 99.2%) was dissolved in dimethylformamide (25 ml) at 25⁰C and heated to 65⁰C to form clear solution. To the solution was slowly added acetone (50 ml) at 65⁰C and stirred for 1 hour at 65⁰C. The solution was slowly cooled to 25⁰C and stirred for 1 hour at 25⁰C. The contents are filtered and the solid obtained was washed with mixture of dimethylformamide and acetone (15 ml, 1:2), and then dried the solid at 50⁰C under vacuum to obtain 4 gm of dasatinib dimethylformamide solvate (HPLC purity: 99.94%).

Example 4

Dasatinib (5 gm) was dissolved in dimethylformamide (25 ml) at 25⁰C and heated to 65⁰C to form clear solution. Ethyl acetate (50 ml) was added slowly to the solution at 65⁰C and stirred for 1 hour at 65⁰C. The solution was slowly cooled to 25⁰C, stirred for 1 hour at 25⁰C and filtered. The solid obtained was washed with mixture of dimethylformamide and ethyl acetate (30 ml, 1:2), and then dried the solid at 50⁰C under vacuum to obtain 4 gm of dasatinib dimethylformamide solvate.

Example 5

Dasatinib (5 gm, HPLC purity: 99.2%) was dissolved in dimethylformamide (25 ml) and heated to 65⁰C to form a clear solution. The solution was cooled to 25⁰C and then cooled to 5⁰C, stirred for 4 hour at 5⁰C. The solid was collected by filtration and the solid was washed with chilled dimethylformamide (10 ml), and then dried the solid at 50⁰C under vacuum to obtain 4 gm of dasatinib dimethylformamide solvate (HPLC purity: 99.9%).

Example 6

Dasatinib (5 gm, HPLC purity: 99.2%) was dissolved in dimethylformamide (25 ml) and heated to 65⁰C to form a clear solution. Water (50 ml) was added slowly to the solution at 65⁰C and stirred for 1 hour at 65⁰C. The solution was cooled to 25⁰C and stirred for 30 minutes at 25⁰C. The solid was collected by filtration and the solid was washed with mixture of dimethylformamide and water (15 ml, 1 :2), and then dried the solid at 50⁰C under vacuum to obtain 4.7 gm of dasatinib dimethylformamide solvate (HPLC purity: 99.93%).

Example 7

Dasatinib dimethylformamide solvate (4.7 gm) obtained as in example 6 was dissolved in water (50 ml) and heated to 75⁰C, stirred for 4 hours at 75⁰C. The solution was cooled to 25⁰C, stirred for 30 minutes at 25⁰C and filtered. The solid obtained was washed with water (15 ml), and then dried at 50⁰C under vacuum to obtain 4.7 gm of dasatinib monohydrate.

Example 8

Dasatinib (20 gm) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (100 ml) at 25⁰C and heated to 65⁰C to form clear solution. To the solution was slowly added water (200 ml) at 65⁰C and stirred for 1 hour at 65⁰C. The solution was slowly cooled to 25⁰C and stirred for 30 minutes at 25⁰C. The solid was collected by filtration and the solid was washed with mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and water (30 ml, 1 :2), and then dried the solid at 50⁰C under vacuum to obtain 19.5 gm of dasatinib monohydrate.

Example 9

Dasatinib (5 gm) was dissolved in isopropyl acetate (65 ml) and heated to 80⁰C, stirred for 1 hour at 80⁰C to form a clear solution. The solution was cooled to 25⁰C, stirred for 1 hour at 25⁰C and filtered. The solid obtained was washed with isopropyl acetate (15 ml) to obtain 5 gm of dasatinib isopropyl acetate solvate.

Example 10

Dasatinib (6 gm) was dissolved in toluene (100 ml) and heated to reflux temperature, stirred for 2 hours at reflux temperature to form a clear solution. The solution was slowly cooled to 25⁰C. The contents are filtered and the solid obtained was washed with toluene (20 ml) to obtain 5.5 gm of dasatinib toluene solvate.

Example 11

Dasatinib (5 gm) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (20 ml) at 25⁰C and heated to 65⁰C. To the solution was slowly added ethyl acetate (200 ml) at 65⁰C and the solution was slowly cooled to O⁰C, stirred for 2 hours at O⁰C. The solid was collected by filtration and the solid was washed with mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and ethyl acetate (55 ml, 1 :10), and then dried the solid at 50⁰C under vacuum to obtain 4 gm of dasatinib dimethyl sulfoxide solvate.

PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2014086326A1/en

Dasatinib, N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-[[6-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)- 1 -piperazinyl]-2- methyl-4-pyrimidmyl]amino]-5-thiazole carboxamide of formula I, also known as BMS- 354825, is a cancer treatment drug developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb and sold under the trade name Sprycel®. Dasatinib is a multi- BCR/ABL and Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor and it is used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) as a secondary drug after primary treatment with imatinib (Gleevec®). It is also used for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia caused by mutation/translocation of chromosomes and development of the so-called Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+ ALL). However, its potential is so wide that the possibility of using it for treatment of other types of cancer, including advanced stages of prostate cancer, is still being investigated.

(I)

In accordance with the basic patent WO2000062778A1, dasatinib is prepared by reaction of the key intermediate of formula II with l-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine in the presence of a base and a suitable solvent (Scheme 1). A similar preparation method was later used in a number of other process patents, only varying the corresponding base or solvent. Through the selection of a suitable solvent or procedure a great number of solvates or polymorphs can be prepared. Polymorphs have been one of the most frequently studied physical characteristics of active pharmaceutical substances (API) recently. Thus, different polymorphs of one API may have entirely different physical-chemical properties such as solubility, melting point, mechanical resistance of crystals but they may also influence the chemical and physical stability. Then, these properties may have an impact on further processes such as handling of the particular API, grinding or formulation method. These various physical-chemical characteristics of polymorphs influence the resulting bioavailability of the solid dosage form. Therefore, looking for new polymorphs and solvates is becoming an important tool for obtaining a polymorph form with the desired physical-chemical characteristics.

The process patent WO2005077945A2 describes preparation of the following solvates of dasatinib: monohydrate, butanol solvate, as well as two anhydrous forms (N-6 and T1H1- 7). A related patent also mentions two ethanol solvates, the hemi-ethanol and diethanol solvates (US 8 242 270 B2). Salts, various combinations of salts and their solvates have been described in detail in the patent application WO2007035874A1.

Another process patent, WO2009053854A2, dealt with the preparation of a number of solvates or mixed solvates out of which especially the isopropanol and mixed isopropanol/dimethyl sulfoxide solvates, as well as a new solid form B, another anhydrous polymorph of dasatinib, are worth mentioning. Other patent applications have also dealt with the preparation of other solvates/mixed solvates (WO2010067374A2), or processes for the preparation and purification of the monohydrate/anhydrous form (WO2010139981A2) and its polymorphs (WO2011095059 Al).

API solvates or salts are used in drug formulations in many cases. In the case of solvates the limits for individual solvents, their contents or maximum daily doses have to be strictly observed. Then, these limits can dramatically restrict their effective use. Thus, the clearly most convenient option is the use of sufficiently stable polymorphs of API that do not contain any solvents bound in the crystalline structure.

Some of the above mentioned patent documents describe preparation of a stable anhydrous form of dasatinib (N-6). In accordance with individual patent documents the main disadvantages of the preparation of N-6 is the necessity of desolvation of the solvated form of the API at high temperatures (WO2009053854A2), or application of an increased temperature (50°C and more) and vacuum for a relatively long time (8-12h; WO2010139981A2 and WO2005077945A2). These procedures are very demanding from the point of view of general technology, energy and time, to say nothing of the necessity to work under an inert atmosphere to prevent possible oxidation-degradation reactions of the API. This is because dasatinib may be oxidized by atmospheric oxygen to the corresponding N-oxide (oxidation occurs in the piperazine ring), which may undergo the Cope elimination at increased temperatures. This secondary reaction may subsequently impair the purity of the prepared API.

With a view to the above mentioned facts it is obvious that completely new methods and processes have to be developed even for polymorphs or solvates that are already well- known. Generally, the development of technologically and economically more efficient procedures is the main decisive parameter in their industrial utilization for the preparation of the API.

Dasatinib of formula I is prepared by a reaction of the intermediate of formula II with l-(2- hydroxyethyl)piperazine in the presence of diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) in an organic solvent from the group of dipolar aprotic solvents, higher alcohols or diols.

If a dipolar aprotic solvent from the group of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N^iV-dimethyl formamide (DMF), AyV-dimethyl acetamide (DMA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), formamide (FA), N,N -dimethyl propylene urea (DMPU) and l,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) is used, the reaction is carried out at 50-110°C under an inert atmosphere for 1/2-6 hours. In a preferable embodiment, NMP, DMSO, DMPU or DMI is used and the reaction is carried out at 90°C for 1-3 hours. The result of the reaction is crude dasatinib in the form of a solution in the corresponding solvent.

If an alcohol from the group of isoamyl alcohol or 1,3-propanediol is used as a solvent for preparation of the crude dasatinib, the reaction mixture is heated at 120-160°C for 2-12 hours, in a preferable embodiment at 135°C for 3-6 hours.

If dipolar aprotic solvents (NMP, DMF, DMA, DMSO, FA, DMPU and DMI) are used, in step a) a precipitant is added to the hot solution (90°C) under continuous stirring in an inert atmosphere in a 2- 15 fold, most preferably 4-10fold (by volume) amount with respect to the dipolar aprotic solvent. Suitable precipitants comprise especially acetonitrile, propionitrile, most preferably acetonitrile.

After addition of the precipitant the obtained solution is withdrawn from the heating bath and is slowly left to cool down to 22°C under continuous stirring in an inert atmosphere. Crystallization occurs within 1-120 minutes (depending on the volume, until complete cooling). After having cooled down to 22°C (laboratory temperature), the suspension is stirred for another hour. The corresponding solvate of dasatinib is aspirated by well-known techniques in an inert atmosphere at 10-35 °C, most preferably at 22°C, and washed with the respective co-solvent.

The solvate of dasatinib obtained this way can be directly used in the next step – recrystallization, without the necessity of drying. If necessary, the product may be dried at 10- 35°C, most preferably at 25°C, and at the pressure of 10-200 kPa, most preferably 50 kPa, for 6-24 hours, most preferably 12 hours.

If NMP is used as the solvent in step a), the corresponding NMP solvate is isolated. The obtained dried crystalline NMP solvate (NM) of dasatinib has a characteristic XRPD pattern, which is presented in Figure no. 1. The NMP solvate (NM) has the following characteristic peaks: 5.88; 6.73; 10.73; 11.92; 13.39; 14.97; 16.72; 18.95; 20.17; 21.46; 22.81; 24.65; 25.18; 26.02 and 28.06 ± 0.2° 2-theta.

If isoamyl alcohol or 1,3-propanediol are used as the solvents in step a), the reaction mixture is left to cool down to 22°C after expiration of the reaction time (3-6 h). Crystallization generally begins when the inner temperature of the reaction mixture drops to 100°C. After cooling down to 22°C (laboratory temperature), the suspension is further stirred for another 1 hour. Crystalline dasatinib is aspirated by well-known techniques in an inert atmosphere at 10-35°C, most preferably at 22°C, and washed with the corresponding solvent.

The obtained product is dried at 10-35°C, most preferably at 25°C, and at the pressure of 10-200 kPa, most preferably 50 kPa, for 6-24 hours, most preferably 12 hours.

The obtained crystalline isoamyl alcohol solvate (SI) of dasatinib has a characteristic XRPD pattern, which is shown in Figure no. 2. The solvate (SI) has the following characteristic peaks: 5.72; 10.35; 11.42; 12.61; 13.14; 14.27; 15.33; 17.18; 17.44; 17.97; 19.12; 19.95; 20.38; 22.05; 22.42; 23.01; 23.46; 23.68; 25.26; 26.20; 26.45; 26.62 and 27.78 ± 0.2° 2-theta.

The obtained crystalline 1,3-propanediol solvate (SP) of dasatinib has a characteristic XRPD pattern, which is shown in Figure no. 3. The solvate (SP) has the following characteristic peaks: 6.04; 12.01; 15.10; 17.95; 18.35; 18.77; 21.25; 21.51; 22.96; 24.08; 24.62; 25.80; 26.16; 28.16 and 33.6578 ± 0.2° 2-theta.

These solvates (or polymorph forms) are then easily converted to the desired anhydrous polymorph N-6 or another solvate in steps b) and c). All the forms prepared this way are sufficiently stable and can easily be isolated in the chemical purities of 99% and higher (in accordance with HPLC).

The anhydrous polymorph form N-6 is prepared in the following way: any solvate or another polymorph is dissolved under an inert atmosphere at 90°C (reflux) in a 10-30 times, most preferably 20 times, the (weight) amount of the crystallization solvent. Suitable crystallization solvents include especially methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, most preferably methanol.

A co-solvent is added in 0.1-10 times, most preferably ½-l times, the volume of the crystallization solvent used in an inert atmosphere at 90°C. The co-solvent can be, e.g., acetonitrile, propionitrile and their mixtures, most preferably acetonitrile. After addition of the co-solvent the obtained solution is withdrawn from the heating bath and is slowly left to cool down to 22°C under continuous stirring in an inert atmosphere. Crystallization occurs during 1-120 minutes (depending on the volume, until complete cooling). After having cooled down to 22°C (laboratory temperature), the suspension is stirred for another hour. Crystalline dasatinib is aspirated by well-known techniques in an inert atmosphere at 10-35°C, most preferably at 22°C, and washed with the corresponding co-solvent. The chemical purity of the obtained product is 99% (in accordance with HPLC); it is the polymorph form N-6 and its XRPD pattern is shown in Figure no. 4. The polymorph form N-6 has the following characteristic peaks: 6.77; 12.31; 13.16; 13.75; 16.70; 17.20; 18.54; 19.34; 20.25; 20.95; 21.94; 24.28; 24.82; and 27.80 ± 0.2° 2-theta.

Brief Description of Drawings:

Figure 1: shows an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the crystalline solvate NM. Individual axes: independently variable: reflection angle 2Θ, dependently variable: intensity of detected radiation.

Figure 2: shows an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the isoamyl alcohol crystalline solvate SI. Individual axes: independently variable: reflection angle 2Θ, dependently variable: intensity of detected radiation. Figure 3: shows an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the 1,3 propanediol crystalline solvate SP. Individual axes: independently variable: reflection angle 2Θ, dependently variable: intensity of detected radiation.

Figure 4: shows an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the crystalline anhydrous form N-6. Individual axes: independently variable: reflection angle 2Θ, dependently variable: intensity of detected radiation.

Examples: The following working examples illustrate methods for the preparation of dasatinib of formula I, its polymorph form N-6 and its solvates NM, SI, SP.

The polymorph forms and solvates of dasatinib were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction using the following methods:

The diffraction patterns were measured using an X’PERT PRO MPD PANalytical diffractometer with a graphite monochromator, radiation used CuKa (λ=1.542 A), excitation voltage: 45 kV, anode current: 40 mA, measured range: 2 – 40^° 2Θ, increment: 0.01° 2Θ. The measurement was carried out using a flat powder sample that was placed on a Si plate. For the primary optic setting programmable divergence diaphragms with the irradiated sample area of 10 mm, Soller diaphragms 0.02 rad and an anti-dispersion diaphragm ¼ were used. For the secondary optic setting an X’Celerator detector with the maximum opening of the detection slot, Soller diaphragms 0.02 rad and an anti-dispersion diaphragm 5.0 mm were used. HPLC method:

Stock solution of samples: dissolve 5.0 mg of the sample in 10.0 ml of 50% acetonitrile R with water.

Dimensions of the chromatographic HPLC column: / = 0.10 m, d= 3 mm

– stationary phase: Zorbax Eclipse Plus Phenyl-Hexyl RRHD 1.8 μιη; temperature: 35 °C. Mobile phase: A: phosphate buffer (0.01 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate, pH treated by addition of sodium hydroxide to 7.00 ± 0.05); B: acetonitrile R.

Gradient (A/B; flow 0.6 ml/min): 0 min 80/20; 10 min 50/50; 11 min 50/50; 12 min 80/20. Detection at the wavelength of 220 nm.

Feed: 2 μΐ of the sample stock solution Example 1.

Preparation of the NMP solvate (NM) of dasatinib:

The intermediate of formula II (1.00 g; 2.54 mmol) and l-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine (1.66 g; 12.77 mmol) were dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone (5 ml) under an inert atmosphere and diisopropylethylamine (0.9 ml, 5.18 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred and heated up to 90°C for 70 minutes and then acetonitrile (30 ml) was added to the reaction. The mixture was withdrawn from the heating bath and stirred intensively. Crystallization started after 5 minutes, the suspension was left to cool down under continuous stirring. After achieving the laboratory temperature it was stirred for another 2 hours. The crystalline substance was aspirated on frit S3, washed with acetonitrile (5 ml) and dried by suctioning under an inert nitrogen atmosphere for 15 minutes. The XRPD pattern of the sample obtained this way corresponds to the NMP solvate (NM) and can be used in the subsequent steps without the necessity of drying. Drying after 6 hours in an exsiccator at the laboratory temperature in vacuo (50 kPa) provided 1.2 g of crystalline dasatinib; 80% of the theoretical yield. HPLC purity 99.12%. The 1H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra correspond to the data known from the literature. The XRPD pattern of the dried product corresponds to the NMP solvate (NM). The NM solvate is characterized by the reflections presented in Table 1 :

Table 1 – NM form

interplanar

pos. distance

[°2Th.] [nm] rel. int. [%]

5.88 1.5024 81.8

6.73 1.3131 100.0

10.73 0.8236 10.6

11.92 0.7420 59.2

13.39 0.6606 19.6

14.97 0.5915 38.4

16.72 0.5298 45.0

18.95 0.4679 10.9

20.17 0.4399 13.9

21.46 0.4138 13.4

22.81 0.3895 21.0

24.65 0.3608 13.3

25.18 0.3534 14.4

26.02 0.3422 11.9

28.06 0.3177 5.8