MITAPIVAT

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Mitapivat

ChemSpider 2D Image | mitapivat | C24H26N4O3S

MITAPIVAT

CAS 1260075-17-9

MF C24H26N4O3S
MW 450.55

UPDATE…. FDA APPROVE 2/17/2022 To treat hemolytic anemia in pyruvate kinase deficiency, Pyrukynd

митапиват [Russian] [INN]
ميتابيفات [Arabic] [INN]
米他匹伐 [Chinese] [INN]
10226
1260075-17-9 [RN]
2WTV10SIKH
  • AG-348

8-Quinolinesulfonamide, N-[4-[[4-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]carbonyl]phenyl]-

N-[4-[[4-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]carbonyl]phenyl]-8-quinolinesulfonamide

  • Originator Agios Pharmaceuticals
  • Class Antianaemics; Piperazines; Quinolines; Small molecules; Sulfonamides
  • Mechanism of Action Pyruvate kinase stimulants
  • Orphan Drug Status Yes – Inborn error metabolic disorders
  • New Molecular Entity Yes
  • Phase III Inborn error metabolic disorders
  • Phase II  Thalassaemia
  • 27 Feb 2019 Agios Pharmaceuticals plans a phase III trial for Inborn error metabolic disorders (Pyruvate kinase deficiency) (Treatment-experienced) in the US, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey and United Kingdom in March 2019 (NCT03853798) (EudraCT2018-003459-39)
  • 11 Dec 2018 Phase-II clinical trials in Thalassaemia in Canada (PO) (NCT03692052)
  • 29 Aug 2018 Chemical structure information added

Product Ingredients

INGREDIENT UNII CAS INCHI KEY
Mitapivat sulfate N4JTA67V3O Not Available Not applicable

 

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Mitapivat sulfate
CAS#: 2151847-10-6 (sulfate hydrate)
Chemical Formula: C48H60N8O13S3
Exact Mass: 1052.3442
Molecular Weight: 1053.23
Elemental Analysis: C, 54.74; H, 5.74; N, 10.64; O, 19.75; S, 9.13

 N-(4-(4-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl)quinoline-8-sulfonamide hemisulfate trihydrate

Related CAS #: 2151847-10-6 (sulfate hydrate)   1260075-17-9 (free)   2329710-91-8 (sulfate)

Mitapivat, sold under the brand name Pyrukynd, is a medication used to treat hemolytic anemia.[1] It is taken as the sulfate hydrate salt by mouth.[1]

Mitapivat is a pyruvate kinase activator.[1]

Mitapivat was approved for medical use in the United States in February 2022.[1][2][3]

Activator of pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2), an enzyme involved in glycolysis. Since all tumor cells exclusively express the embryonic M2 isoform of PK, it is hypothesized that PKM2 is a potential target for cancer therapy. Modulation of PKM2 might also be effective in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, autoimmune conditions, and antiproliferation-dependent diseases.

Agios Pharmaceuticals is developing AG-348 (in phase 3 , in June 2019), an oral small-molecule allosteric activator of the red blood cell-specific form of pyruvate kinase (PK-R), for treating PK deficiency and non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia.

Mitapivat is a novel, first-in-class pyruvate kinase activator. It works to increase the activity of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase, a key enzyme involved in the survival of red blood cells. Defects in the pyruvate kinase enzyme in various red blood cells disorders lead to the lack of energy production for red blood cells, leading to lifelong premature destruction of red blood cells or chronic hemolytic anemia.1

On February 17, 2022, the FDA approved mitapivat as the first disease-modifying treatment for hemolytic anemia in adults with pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency, a rare, inherited disorder leading to lifelong hemolytic anemia.6 Mitapivat has also been investigated in other hereditary red blood cell disorders associated with hemolytic anemia, such as sickle cell disease and alpha- and beta-thalassemia.1

SYN

WO 20100331307

str1

CAS 59878-57-8 TO CAS 57184-25-5

Eisai Co., Ltd., EP1508570,  Lithium aluminium hydride (770 mg, 20.3 mmol) was suspended in tetrahydrofuran (150 mL), 1-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)piperazine (1.56 g, 10.1 mmol) was gradually added thereto, and the reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and 0.8 mL of water, 0.8 mL of a 15percent aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and 2.3 mL of water were seque ntially gradually added thereto. The precipitated insoluble matter was removed by filtration through Celite, and the filtrate was evaporated to give the title compound (1.40g) as a colorless oil. The product was used for the synthesis of (8E,12E,14E)-7-((4-cyclopropylmethylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl)oxy-3,6,16,21-tetrahydroxy-6,10,12,16,20-pentamethyl-18,19-epoxytricosa-8,12,14-trien-11-olide (the co mpound of Example 27) without further purification.1H-NMR Spectrum (CDCl3,400MHz) delta(ppm): 0.09-0.15(2H,m), 0.48-0.56(2H,m),0.82-0.93(1H,m),2.25(2H,d,J=7.2Hz) 2.48-2.65(4H,m),2.90-2.99(4H,m).

str1

CAS 91-22-5 TO CAD 18704-37-5

chlorosulfonic acid;

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 36, 6, (2000), p. 851 – 853

Yield : 52%1-Step Reaction

NMR

US2010/331307

dimethylsulfoxide-d6, 1H

1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 1.2 (t, 2H), 1.3 (t, 2H), 1.31-1.35 (m, 1H), 2.40 (s, 2H), 3.68 (br s, 4H), 3.4-3.6 (m, 4H), 7.06 (m, 6H), 7.25-7.42 (m, 3H), 9.18 (s, 1H) 10.4 (s, 1H)

1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 0.04-0.45 (m, 2H), 0.61-0.66 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.6 (m, 1H), 2.21-2.38 (m, 4H), 2.61 (d, 2H), 3.31-3.61 (br s, 4H), 6.94-7.06 (m, 4H), 7.40 (d, 2H), 7.56-7.63 (m, 2H), 8.28 (d, 1H), 9.18 (s, 1H), 10.4 (s, 1H)

Development Overview

Introduction

Mitapivat (designated AG 348), an orally available, first-in-class, small molecule stimulator of pyruvate kinase (PK), is being developed by Agios Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of pyruvate kinase deficiency (Inborn error metabolic disorders in development table) and thalassemia. Mitapivat is designed to activate the wild-type (normal) and mutated PK-R (the isoform of pyruvate kinase that is present in erythrocytes), in order to correct the defects in red cell glycolysis found within mutant cells. Clinical development is underway for inborn error metabolic disorders in the US, Spain and Denmark and for Thalassaemia in Canada.

Mitapivat emerged from Agios’ research programme focussed on the discovery of small molecule therapeutics for inborn metabolic disorders [see Adis Insight Drug Profile 800036791].

Key Development Milestones

In April 2017, the US FDA granted fast track designation to mitapivat for the treatment of pyruvate kinase deficiency 

In June 2018, Agios Pharmaceuticals initiated the phase III ACTIVATE trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of orally administered mitapivat as compared with placebo in participants with pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD), who are not regularly receiving blood transfusions (NCT03548220; AG348-C-006). The randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled global trial intends to enrol 80 patients in the US, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand and United Kingdom. The study design has two parts. Part 1 is a dose optimisation period where patients start at 5mg of mitapivat or placebo twice daily, with the flexibility to titrate up to 20mg or 50mg twice daily over a three month period to establish their individual optimal dose, as measured by maximum increase in hemoglobin levels. After the dose optimisation period, patients will receive their optimal dose for an additional three months in part 2. The primary endpoint of the study is the proportion of patients who achieve at least a 1.5 g/dL increase in haemoglobin sustained over multiple visits in part 2 of the trial 

In February 2018, Agios Pharmaceuticals initiated the phase III ACTIVATE-T trial to assess the efficacy and safety of mitapivat in regularly transfused adult subjects with pyruvate kinase deficiency (Inborn error metabolism disorders in development table) (EudraCT2017-003803-22; AG348-C-007). The open label trial will enrol approximately 20 patients in Denmark and Spain and will expand to Canada, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, the UK and the US 

In December 2018, Agios Pharmaceuticals initiated a phase II study to assess the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mitapivat (50mg and 100mg) for the treatment of patients with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (AG348-C-010; EudraCT2018-002217-35; NCT03692052). This study will include a 24-week core period followed by a 2-year extension period for eligible participants. The open-label trial intends to enrol approximately 17 patients. Enrolment has been initiated in Canada and may expand to the US and the UK 

Agios Pharmaceuticals, in June 2015 initiated the phase II DRIVE PK trial to evaluate the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mitapivat in adult transfusion-independent patients with pyruvate kinase deficiency (Inborn error metabolism disorders in development table) (AG348-C-003; NCT02476916). The trial will include two arms with 25 patients each. The patients in the first arm will receive 50mg twice daily, and the patients in the second arm will receive 300mg twice daily. The study will include a six-month dosing period with the opportunity for continued treatment beyond six months based on safety and clinical activity. The open-label, randomised trial completed enrolment of targeted 52 patients in the US, in November 2016. Preliminary data from the trial was presented at the 21st Congress of the European Haematology Association (EHA-2016). Updated results were presented by Agios at the 58th Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Society of Haematology in December 2016. Based on results of the DRIVE PK trial, Agios plans to develop a registration path for mitapivat. Updated data from the trial was presented at the 22nd Congress of the European Haematology Association (EHA-2017) 

In December 2017, Agios pharmaceuticals presented updated safety and efficacy data from this trial at the 59th Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Society of Hematology (ASH- Hem 2017). Results showed that chronic daily dosing with mitapivat has been well tolerated and has resulted in clinically relevant, durable increases in Hb and reductions in markers of haemolysis across a range of doses 

In June 2018, Agios Pharmaceuticals completed a phase I trial in healthy male volunteers to assess the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and absolute bioavailability of AG 348 (AG348-C-009; NCT03703505). Radiolabelled analytes of AG 348 ([14C]AG 348 and [13C6]AG 348) were administered in a single oral and intravenous dose on day 1. The open label trial was initiated in May 2018 and enrolled 8 volunteers in the US 

In November 2017, Agios Pharmaceuticals completed a phase I trial that evaluated the relative bioavailability and safety of the mitapivat tablet and capsule formulations after single-dose administration in healthy adults (AG348-C-005; NCT03397329). The open-label trial enrolled 26 subjects in the US and was initiated in October 2017 

In October 2017, Agios Pharmaceuticals completed a phase I trial that evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety and effect on QTc interval of mitapivat in healthy volunteers (AG348-C-004; NCT03250598). This single-dose, open-label trial was initiated in August 2017 and enrolled 60 volunteers in the US

In November 2014, Agios completed a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase I trial that assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of multiple escalating doses of mitapivat in healthy volunteers (MAD; AG-348MAD; AG348-C-002; NCT02149966). Mitapivat was dosed daily for 14 days. The trial recruited 48 subjects in the US. In June 2015, positive results from the trial were presented at the 20th congress of the European Haematology Association (EHA-2015). Mitapivat showed a favourable pharmacokinetic profile with rapid absorption, low to moderate variability and a dose-proportional increase in exposure following multiple doses and serum hormone changes consistent with reversible aromatase inhibition were also observed 

Agios Pharmaceuticals completed a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial of mitapivat in August 2014 (AG-348 SAD; AG348-C-001; NCT02108106). The study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single escalating doses of the agent in healthy volunteers. Potential metabolic biomarkers were also explored. The trial enrolled 48 participants in the US 

IND-enabling studies were conducted in 2013 In December 2013, Agios presented data from in vitro studies at the 55th Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Society of Hematology (ASH-Hem-2013), showing that mitapivat activates a range of pyruvate kinase mutant proteins in blood samples taken from patients with pyruvate kinase deficiency. The company hypothesised that mitapivat may restore the glycolytic pathway activity and normalise erythrocyte metabolism in vivo The US FDA granted orphan designation for mitapivat for the treatment of pyruvate kinase deficiency. The designation was granted to Agios Pharmaceuticals, in March 2015.

Patent Information

As of January 2018, Agios Pharmaceuticals owned approximately six issued US patents, 65 issued foreign patents, five pending US patent applications and 55 pending foreign patent applications in a number of jurisdictions directed to PK deficiency programme, including mitapivat (AG 348). The patents are valid till at least 2030 

Patents

US 20100331307 A1
WO 2011002817 A1
WO 2012151451 A1
WO 2013056153 A1
WO 2014018851 A1
WO 2016201227 A1

WO2011002817

Mitapivat, also known as PKM2 activator 1020, is an activator of a pyruvate kinase PKM2, an enzyme involved in glycolysis. It was disclosed in a patent publication WO 2011002817 A1 as compound 78.

WO2019099651 ,

PATENT

WO-2019104134

Novel crystalline and amorphous forms of N-(4-(4-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl)quinoline-8-sulfonamide (also known as mitapivat ) and their hemi-sulfate, solvates, hydrates, sesquihydrate, anhydrous and ethanol solvate (designated as Form A-J), processes for their preparation and compositions comprising them are claimed. Also claims are their use for treating pyruvate kinase deficiency, such as sickle cell disease, thalassemia and hemolytic anemia.

Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is a disease of the red blood cells caused by a deficiency of the pyruvate kinase R (PKR) enzyme due to recessive mutations of PKLR gene (Wijk et al. Human Mutation, 2008, 30 (3) 446-453). PKR activators can be beneficial to treat PKD, thalassemia (e.g., beta-thalessemia), abetalipoproteinemia or Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome, sickle cell disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, anemia (e.g., congenital anemias (e.g., enzymopathies), hemolytic anemia (e.g. hereditary and/or congenital hemolytic anemia, acquired hemolytic anemia, chronic hemolytic anemia caused by phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency, anemia of chronic diseases, non- spherocytic hemolytic anemia or hereditary spherocytosis). Treatment of PKD is supportive, including blood transfusions, splenectomy, chelation therapy to address iron overload, and/or interventions for other disease-related morbidity. Currently, however, there is no approved medicine that treats the underlying cause of PKD, and thus the etiology of life-long hemolytic anemia.

[0003] N-(4-(4-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperazine-l-carbonyl)phenyl)quinoline-8-sulfonamide, herein referred to as Compound 1, is an allosteric activator of red cell isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKR). See e.g., WO 2011/002817 and WO 2016/201227, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.


(Compound 1)

[0004] Compound 1 was developed to treat PKD and is currently being investigated in phase 2 clinical trials. See e.g., U.S. clinical trials identifier NCT02476916. Given its therapeutic benefits, there is a need to develo

Compound 1, i.e., the non-crystalline free base, can be prepared following the procedures described below.

Preparation of ethyl -4-(quinoline-8-sulfonamido) benzoate

EtO TV 

[00170] A solution containing ethyl-4-aminobenzoate (16. Og, 97mmol) and pyridine (l4.0g, l77mmol) in acetonitrile (55mL) was added over 1.2 hours to a stirred suspension of quinoline- 8 -sulfonyl chloride (20.0g, 88mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (100 mL) at 65°C. The mixture was stirred for 3.5 hours at 65 °C, cooled to 20°C over 1.5 hours and held until water (140 mL) was added over 1 hour. Solids were recovered by filtration, washed 2 times (lOOmL each) with acetonitrile/water (40/60 wt./wt.) and dried to constant weight in a vacuum oven at 85°C. Analyses of the white solid (30.8g, 87mmol) found (A) HPLC purity = 99.4% ethyl -4-(quinoline-8-sulfonamido) benzoate, (B) LC-MS consistent with structure, (M+l)= 357 (C18 column eluting 95-5, CH3CN/water, modified with formic acid, over 2 minutes), and (C) 1H NMR consistent with structure (400 MHz, DMSO-i 6) = d 10.71 (s, 1H), 9.09 (dd, 7 = 4.3, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (ddt, 7 = 15.1, 7.3, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 8.26 (dd, 7 = 8.3, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.84 – 7.54 (m, 4H), 7.18 (dd, 7 = 8.6, 1.3 Hz, 2H), 4.26 – 4.07 (m, 2H), 1.19 (td, 7 = 7.1, 1.2 Hz, 3H).

Preparation of 4-(quinoline-8-sulfonamide) benzoic acid

Step 2

[00171] A NaOH solution (16.2g, l22mmol) was added over 30 minutes to a stirred suspension of ethyl -4-(quinoline-8-sulfonamido) benzoate (20. Og, 56.2mmol) in water (125 mL) at 75°C. The mixture was stirred at 75°-80°C for 3 hours, cooled 20°C and held until THF (150 mL) was added. Hydrochloric acid (11% HCL, 8lmL, l32mmol) was added over >1 hour to the pH of 3.0. The solids were recovered by filtration at 5°C, washed with water (2X lOOmL) and dried to constant weight in a vacuum oven at 85°C. Analysis of the white solid (16.7g, 51 mmol) found (A) HPLC puurity = >99.9% 4-(quinoline-8-sulfonamide)benzoic acid, LC-MS consistent with structure (M+l) = 329 (Cl 8 column eluting 95-5 CH3CN/water, modified with formic acid, over 2 minutes.) and 1H NMR consistent with structure (400 MHz, DMSO-76) = d 12.60 (s, 1H), 10.67 (s, 1H), 9.09 (dd, 7 = 4.2, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (ddt, 7 = 13.1, 7.3, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 8.26 (dd, 7 = 8.2, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.77 -7.62 (m, 3H), 7.64 (d, 7 = 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (dd, 7 = 8.7, 1.4 Hz, 2H).

Preparation of l-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperazine dihydrochloride (4)

1 ) NaBH(OAc)3

2 3 acetone 4

[00172] To a 1 L reactor under N2 was charged tert-butyl piperazine- l-carboxylate (2) (100.0 g, 536.9 mmol), cyclopropanecarbaldehyde (3) (41.4 g, 590.7 mmol ), toluene (500.0 mL) and 2-propanol (50.0 mL). To the obtained solution was added NaBH(OAc)3 (136.6 g, 644.5 mmol) in portions at 25-35 °C and the mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 h. Water (300.0 mL) was added followed by NaOH solution (30%, 225.0 mL) to the pH of 12. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with water (100.0 mLx2). To the organic layer was added hydrochloric acid (37%, 135.0 mL, 1.62 mol) and the mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 6 h. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was added to acetone (2.0 L) at 25 °C in lh. The resulted suspension was cooled to 0 °C. The solid was filtered at 0 °C, washed with acetone (100.0 mLx2) and dried to afford 4 (105.0 g) in 92% isolated yield. LC-MS (C18 column eluting 90-10 CH3CN/water over 2 minutes) found (M+l) =141. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-76) d 11.93 (br.s, 1H), 10.08 (br., 2H), 3.65 (br.s, 2H), 3.46 (br.s, 6H), 3.04 (d, / = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.14 – 1.04 (m, 1H), 0.65 – 0.54 (m, 2H), 0.45 – 0.34 (m, 2H) ppm.

Preparation of N-(4-(4-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperazine-l-carbonyl)phenyl)quinoline-8- sulfonamide (1)

[00173] To a 2 L reactor under N2 was charged 4-(quinoline-8-sulfonamido) benzoic acid (5) (100.0 g, 304.5 mmol) and DMA (500.0 mL). To the resulted suspension was added CDI (74.0 g, 456.4 mmol) in portions at 25 °C and the mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 h. To the resulted suspension was added l-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperazine dihydrochloride (4) (97.4 g, 457.0 mmol) in one portion at 25 °C and the mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 4 h. Water (1.0 L) was added in 2 h. The solid was filtered at 25 °C, washed with water and dried under vacuum at 65 °C to afford 1 (124.0 g) in 90 % isolated yield. LC-MS (C18 column eluting 90-10 CH3CN/water over 2 minutes) found (M+l) =451. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-76) d

10.40 (br.s, 1H), 9.11 (dd, 7 = 4.3, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.48 (dd, / = 8.4, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.40 (dt, /

7.4, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (dd, 7 = 8.3, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.76 – 7.63 (m, 2H), 7.17 – 7.05 (m, 4H), 3.57 – 3.06 (m, 4H), 2.44 – 2.23 (m, 4H), 2.13 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 0.79 – 0.72 (m, 1H), 0.45 – 0.34 (m, 2H), 0.07 – 0.01 (m, 2H) ppm.

[00174] Two impurities are also identified from this step of synthesis. The first impurity is Compound IM- 1 (about 0.11% area percent based on representative HPLC) with the following structure:


Compound IM-l)

Compound IM-l was generated due to the presence of N-methyl piperazine, an impurity in compound 2, and was carried along to react with compound 5. LC-MS found (M+l) =411.2;

(M-l)= 409.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-76) d 10.43 (brs, 1H) 9.13-9.12 (m, 1H), 8.52-8.50 (m, 1H), 8.43-8.41 (m, 1H), 8.26 (d, 7=4.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.73-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.15-7.097.69 (m, 4H), 3.60-3.25 (brs, 4H), 2.21 (brs, 4H), 2.13 (s, 3H).

[00175] The second impurity is Compound IM-2 (about 0.07% area percent based on the representative HPLC) with the following structure:


(Compound IM-2)

Compound IM-2 was due to the presence of piperazine, an impurity generated by

deprotection of compound 2. The piperazine residue was carried along to react with two molecules of compound 5 to give Compound IM-2. LC-MS found (M+l) =707. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CF3COOD) d 9.30-9.23 (m, 4H), 8.51 (s, 4H), 8.20-8.00 (m, 4H), 7.38-7.28 (m, 8H), 4.02-3.54 (m, 8H).

Solubility Experiments

[00176] Solubility measurements were done by gravimetric method in 20 different solvents at two temperatures (23 °C and 50 °C). About 20-30 mg of Form A, the synthesis of which is described below, was weighed and 0.75 mL solvent was added to form a slurry. The slurry was then stirred for two days at the specified temperature. The vial was centrifuged and the supernatant was collected for solubility measurement through gravimetric method. The saturated supernatant was transferred into pre- weighed 2 mL HPLC vials and weighed again (vial + liquid). The uncapped vial was then left on a 50 °C hot plate to slowly evaporate the solvent overnight. The vials were then left in the oven at 50 °C and under vacuum to remove the residual solvent so that only the dissolved solid remained. The vial was then weighed (vial + solid). From these three weights; vial, vial+liquid and vial+solid; the weight of dissolved solid and the solvent were calculated. Then using solvent density the solubility was calculated as mg solid/mL of solvent. Solubility data are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1

Optimized Crystalline Form A Hemisulfate Salt Scale-up Procedure

[00202] An optimized preparation of Form A as a hemisulfate sesquihydrate salt with and without seeding is provided below.

Preparation of l-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(4-(quinoline-8-sulfonamido)benzoyl)piperazin- 1-ium sulfate trihydrate (Form A) with seeding

[00203] To a 2 L reactor under N2 was charged N-(4-(4-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperazine-l-carbonyl)phenyl)quinoline-8-sulfonamide (5) (111.0 g, 246.4 mmol), and a pre-mixed process solvent of ethanol (638.6 g), toluene (266.1 g) and water (159.6 g). The suspension was stirred and heated above 60°C to dissolve the solids, and then the resulting solution was cooled to 50°C. To the solution was added an aqueous solution of H2S04 (2.4 M, 14.1 mL, 33.8 mmol), followed by l-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(4-(quinoline-8-sulfonamido)benzoyl)piperazin-l-ium sulfate trihydrate (6) (1.1 g, 2.1 mmol). After 1 h stirring, to the suspension was added an aqueous solution of H2S04 (2.4 M, 42.3 mL, 101.5 mmol) over 5 h. The suspension was cooled to 22°C and stirred for 8 h. The solids were filtered at 22°C, washed with fresh process solvent (2 x 175 g) and dried to give the product (121.6 g) in 94% isolated yield. LC-MS (C18 column eluting 90-10 CH3CN/water over 2 minutes) found (M+l) = 451. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-76) d 10.45 (s, 1H), 9.11 (dd, J =

4.2, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.50 (dd, 7 = 8.4, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.41 (dd, 7 = 7.3, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (dd, 7 8.2, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.79 – 7.60 (m, 2H), 7.17 (d, / = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.11 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 5H), 3.03 – 2.50 (m, 6H), 0.88 (p, J = 6.3 Hz, 1H), 0.50 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 0.17 (d, 7 = 4.9 Hz, 2H).

Preparation of l-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(4-(quinoline-8-sulfonamido)benzoyl)piperazin- 1-ium sulfate trihydrate (Form A) without seeding

[00204] To a 50 L reactor was charged N-(4-(4-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperazine-l-carbonyl)phenyl)quinoline-8-sulfonamide (5) (1.20 kg, 2.66 mol) and water (23.23 L) at 28°C. While stirring the suspension, an aqueous solution of H2S04 (1.0 M, 261 g) was added dropwise over 2 h. The reaction was stirred at 25 – 30°C for 24 h. The solids were filtered and dried under vacuum below 30°C for 96 h to give the product (1.26 kg) in 90% isolated yield.

11. Reproduction and Preparation of Various Patterns

[00205] The patterns observed during the previous experiments were reproduced for characterization. Patterns B, D, E, F were reproducible. Pattern G was reproduced at lower crystallinity. Pattern I was reproduced, although, it was missing a few peaks. Refer to Table 20.

Table 20

Crystalline Free Base Form of Compound 1

[00215] The crystalline free-base form of Compound 1 can be prepared via the following method.

[00216] 14.8 kg S-l and 120 kg DMAc are charged into a round bottom under N2 protection and the reaction is stirred at 30 °C under N2 protection for 40min, to obtain a clear yellow solution. 7.5 kg CDI (1.02 eq.) is added and the reaction is stirred at 30 °C for 2.5h under N2 protection. 0.6 kg of CDI (0.08 eq.) at 30 °C was added and the mixture was stirred at 30 °C for 2h under N2 protection. The reaction was tested again for material consumption. 11.0 kg (1.14 eq.) l-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperazine chloride was charged in the round bottom at 30 °C and the reaction was stirred under N2 protection for 6h (clear solution). 7.5 X H20 was added dropwise over 2h, some solid formed and the reaction was stirred for lh at 30 °C. 16.8 X H20 was added over 2.5h and the reaction was stirred stir for 2.5h. 3.8 kg (0.25 X) NaOH (30%, w / w, 0.6 eq.) was added and the reaction was stirred for 3h at 30 °C. The reaction was filtered and the wet cake was rinsed with H20 / DMAc=44 kg / 15 kg. 23.35 kg wet cake was obtained (KF: 4%). The sample was re-crystallized by adding 10.0 X DMAc and stirred for lh at 70 °C, clear solution; 4.7 X H20 was added over 2h at 70 °C and the reaction was stirred 2h at 70 °C; 12.8 X H20 was added dropwise over 3h and stirred for 2h at 70 °C; the reaction was adjusted to 30 °C over 5h and stirred for 2h at 30 °C; the reaction was filtered and the wet cake was rinsed with DMAc / H20=l5 kg / 29 kg and 150 kg H20. 19.2 kg wet cake was obtained. The material was recrystallized again as follows. To the wet cake was added 10.0 X DMAc and the reaction was stirred for lh at 70 °C, clear solution.

16.4 X H20 was added dropwise at 70 °C and the reaction was stirred for 2h at 70 °C. The reaction was adjusted to 30 °C over 5.5h and stirred for 2h at 30 °C. The reaction was centrifuged and 21.75 kg wet cake was obtained. The material was dried under vacuum at 70°C for 25h. 16.55 kg of the crystalline free base form of compound 1 was obtained. Purity of 99.6%.

C Kung. Activators of pyruvate kinase M2 and methods of treating disease. PCT Int. Appl. WO 2013056153 A1. 
FG Salituro et al. Preparation of aroylpiperazines and related compounds as pyruvate kinase M2 modulators useful in treatment of cancer. U.S. Pat. Appl. US 20100331307 A1. 

Drug Properties & Chemical Synopsis

  • Route of administrationPO
  • FormulationTablet, unspecified
  • ClassAntianaemics, Piperazines, Quinolines, Small molecules, Sulfonamides
  • Mechanism of ActionPyruvate kinase stimulants
  • WHO ATC codeA16A-X (Various alimentary tract and metabolism products)B03 (Antianemic Preparations)B06A (Other Hematological Agents)
  • EPhMRA codeA16A (Other Alimentary Tract and Metabolism Products)B3 (Anti-Anaemic Preparations)B6 (All Other Haematological Agents)
  • Chemical nameN-[4-[4-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperazine-1-carbonyl]phenyl]quinoline-8-sulfonamide
  • Molecular formulaC24 H26 N4 O3 S

References

  1. Agios Reports First Quarter 2017 Financial Results.

    Media Release 

  2. Agios Announces Initiation of Global Phase 3 Trial (ACTIVATE) of AG-348 in Adults with Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency Who Are Not Regularly Transfused.

    Media Release 

  3. A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of AG-348 in Not Regularly Transfused Adult Subjects With Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

    ctiprofile 

  4. Agios Provides Business Update on Discovery Research Strategy and Pipeline, Progress on Clinical Programs, Commercial Launch Preparations and Reports First Quarter 2018 Financial Results at Investor Day.

    Media Release 

  5. An Open-Label Study To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of AG-348 in Regularly Transfused Adult Subjects With Pyruvate Kinase (PK) Deficiency

    ctiprofile 

  6. A Phase 2, Open-label, Multicenter Study to Determine the Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of AG-348 in Adult Subjects With Non-transfusion-dependent Thalassemia

    ctiprofile 

  7. Agios Announces Key Upcoming Milestones to Support Evolution to a Commercial Stage Biopharmaceutical Company in 2017.

    Media Release 

  8. Agios to Present Clinical and Preclinical Data at the 20th Congress of the European Hematology Association.

    Media Release 

  9. Agios Announces Updated Data from Fully Enrolled DRIVE PK Study Demonstrating AG-348s Potential as the First Disease-modifying Treatment for Patients with Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency.

    Media Release 

  10. Agios Announces New Data from AG-348 and AG-519 Demonstrating Potential for First Disease-modifying Treatment for Patients with PK Deficiency.

    Media Release 

  11. Agios Provides Update on PKR Program.

    Media Release 

  12. AG-348 Achieves Proof-of-Concept in Ongoing Phase 2 DRIVE-PK Study and Demonstrates Rapid and Sustained Hemoglobin Increases in Adults with Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency.

    Media Release 

  13. Agios Reports New, Final Data from Phase 1 Multiple Ascending Dose (MAD) Study in Healthy Volunteers for AG-348, an Investigational Medicine for Pyruvate Kinase (PK) Deficiency.

    Media Release 

  14. Grace RF, Layton DM, Galacteros F, Rose C, Barcellini W, Morton DH, et al. Results Update from the DRIVE PK Study: Effects of AG-348, a Pyruvate Kinase Activator, in Patients with Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency. ASH-Hem-2017 2017; abstr. 2194.

    Available from: URL: https://ash.confex.com/ash/2017/webprogram/Paper102236.html

  15. A Phase 2, Open Label, Randomized, Dose Ranging, Safety, Efficacy, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of AG-348 in Adult Patients With Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

    ctiprofile 

  16. A Phase I, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion and to Assess the Absolute Bioavailability of AG-348 in Healthy Male Subjects Following Administration of a Single Oral Dose of [14C]AG-348 and Concomitant Single Intravenous Microdose of [13C6]AG-348

    ctiprofile 

  17. A Phase 1, Randomized, Open-Label, Two-Period Crossover Study Evaluating the Relative Bioavailability and Safety of the AG-348 Tablet and Capsule Formulations After Single-Dose Administration in Healthy Adults

    ctiprofile 

  18. A Phase 1, Single-Dose, Open-Label Study to Characterize and Compare the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Effect on QTc Interval of AG-348 in Healthy Subjects of Japanese Origin and Healthy Subjects of Non-Asian Origin

    ctiprofile 

  19. Agios Pharmaceuticals Initiates Multiple Ascending Dose Trial in Healthy Volunteers of AG-348 for the Potential Treatment of PK Deficiency, a Rare, Hemolytic Anemia.

    Media Release 

  20. A Phase 1, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multiple Ascending Dose, Safety, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Study of Orally Administered AG-348 in Healthy Volunteers

    ctiprofile 

  21. Agios Initiates Phase 1 Study of AG-348, a First-in-class PKR Activator, for Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency.

    Media Release 

  22. A Phase I, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose, Safety, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of Orally Administered AG-348 in Healthy Volunteers

    ctiprofile 

  23. Agios Pharmaceuticals Reports First Quarter 2014 Financial Results.

    Media Release 

  24. Agios Pharmaceuticals Reports Third Quarter 2013 Financial Results.

    Media Release 

  25. Agios Pharmaceuticals to Present Preclinical Research at the 2013 American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting.

    Media Release 

  26. Agios Presents Preclinical Data from Lead Programs at American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting.

    Media Release 

  27. Agios Pharmaceuticals Form 10-K, February 2018. Internet-Doc 2018;.

    Available from: URL: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1439222/000143922218000004/agio-123117x10k.htm

  28. Agios Outlines Key 2018 Priorities Expanding Clinical and Research Programs to Drive Long Term Value.

    Media Release 

  29. Grace RF, Layton DM, Galacteros F, Rose C, Barcellini W, Morton DH, et al. Effects of Ag-348, a Pyruvate Kinase Activator, in Patients with Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency: Updated Results from the Drive Pk Study. EHA-2017 2017; abstr. S451.

    Available from: URL: https://learningcenter.ehaweb.org/eha/2017/22nd/181738/rachael.f.grace.effects.of.ag-348.a.pyruvate.kinase.activator.in.patients.with.html?f=m3e1181l15534

  30. Agios Presents Updated Data from DRIVE PK Study Demonstrating AG-348 is Well-Tolerated and Results in Clinically Relevant, Rapid and Sustained Hemoglobin Increases in Patients with Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency.

    Media Release 

     

Medical uses

Mitapivat is indicated for the treatment of hemolytic anemia in adults with pyruvate kinase deficiency.[1][3]

Pharmacology

Mechanism of action

Mitapivat binds to and activates pyruvate kinase, thereby enhancing glycolytic pathway activity, improving adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and reducing 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels.[4] Mutations in pyruvate kinase cause deficiency in pyruvate kinase which prevents adequate red blood cell (RBC) glycolysis, leading to a buildup of the upstream glycolytic intermediate 2,3-DPG and deficiency in the pyruvate kinase product ATP.[4][5]

Society and culture

Names

Mitapivat is the international nonproprietary name (INN).[6]

References

  1. Jump up to:a b c d e f https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/216196s000lbl.pdf
  2. ^ “Agios Announces FDA Approval of Pyrukynd (mitapivat) as First Disease-Modifying Therapy for Hemolytic Anemia in Adults with Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency” (Press release). Agios Pharmaceuticals. 17 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022 – via GlobeNewswire.
  3. Jump up to:a b https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/appletter/2022/216196Orig1s000ltr.pdf
  4. Jump up to:a b “Mitapivat (Code C157039)”NCI Thesaurus. 31 January 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ^ “PK-R allosteric activator AG-348”NCI Drug Dictionary. National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 19 February 2022. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. ^ World Health Organization (2017). “International nonproprietary names for pharmaceutical substances (INN): recommended INN: list 78”. WHO Drug Information31 (3): 539. hdl:10665/330961.

Further reading

External links

  • “Mitapivat sulfate”Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  • Clinical trial number NCT03548220 for “A Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of AG-348 in Not Regularly Transfused Adult Participants With Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKD)” at ClinicalTrials.gov
  • Clinical trial number NCT03559699 for “A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of AG-348 in Regularly Transfused Adult Participants With Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKD)” at ClinicalTrials.gov
Mitapivat
Clinical data
Trade names Pyrukynd
Other names AG-348, Mitapivat sulfate (USAN US)
License data
Routes of
administration
By mouth
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
CAS Number
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
Chemical and physical data
Formula C24H26N4O3S
Molar mass 450.56 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)

////////////MITAPIVAT, PHASE 3, Orphan Drug Status, Inborn error metabolic disorders, AGIOS, митапиват  ميتابيفات , 米他匹伐 

O=C(N1CCN(CC2CC2)CC1)C1=CC=C(NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=CC3=C2N=CC=C3)C=C1

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