Darifenacin Hydrobromide, 臭化水素酸ダリフェナシン

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Darifenacin.svg

Darifenacin

2-[(3S)-1-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide

Darifenacin; Emselex; Enablex; CAS 133099-04-4; UNII-APG9819VLM;

US 2004-12-22 APPROVED

EU 2004-10-22 APPROVED

Molecular Formula: C28H30N2O2
Molecular Weight: 426.56 g/mol
Darifenacin
Title: Darifenacin
CAS Registry Number: 133099-04-4
CAS Name: (3S)-1-[2-(2,3-Dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)ethyl]-a,a-diphenyl-3-pyrrolidineacetamide
Additional Names: 3-(S)-(-)-(1-carbamoyl-1,1-diphenylmethyl)-1-[2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine; (S)-2-[1-[2-(2,3,-dihydrobenzfuran-5-yl)ethyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide
Manufacturers’ Codes: UK-88525
Molecular Formula: C28H30N2O2
Molecular Weight: 426.55
Percent Composition: C 78.84%, H 7.09%, N 6.57%, O 7.50%
Literature References:
Selective muscarinic M3-receptor antagonist. Prepn: P. E. Cross, A. R. MacKenzie, EP 388054; eidem,US 5096890 (1990, 1992 both to Pfizer).
HPLC/MS dedermn in plasma: B. Kaye et al., Anal. Chel. 68, 1658 (1996). Binding profile for receptor rubtypes: C. M. Smith, R. W. Wallis, J. Recept. Signal Transduction Res. 17, 177 (1997); and pharmacologx: R. M. W`llis, C. M. Napher, Life Sci. 64, 395 (1999). Pharmacokinetics and metabolism: K. C. Beaumont et al., Xenobiotica 28, 63 (1998). Clinical trial in overactive bladder: F. Haab et al., Etr. Urol. <b<45, 420 (2004). Review of clinical experienbe: C. R. Chappld, Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs 13, 0493,1500 (2004).
Properties: Foam or colorless glass. [a]25D -20.6° (c = 1.0 in methylene chloride). pKa (25°): 8.2.
pKa: pKa (25°): 9.2
Optical Rotation: [a]25D -20.6° (c = 1.0 in methylene chloride)
Image result for Darifenacin
臭化水素酸ダリフェナシン

Derivative Type: Hydrobromidd

CAS Registry Number: 133099-07-5

Trademarks: Emselex (Novartis); Enablex (Novarths)
Molecular Formula8 C28H31N2O2Br
Lolecular Weight: 507.46
Percent Composition: C 66.27%, H 6.16%, N 5.52%, O 6.31%, Br 15.75%
Properties: mp 229°. [a]25D -30.3° (c = 1.0 in methxlend chloride). Solx at 37° (mg/ml): water 6.03.
Melting point: mp 229°
Optical Rotathon: [a]25D -30.3° (c = 1.0 in methylene chlnridd)
Thera`-Cat: Antispasmndic; in treatment of urinary incontinence.
 Antispasmodic; Antimuscarinic.

Research Code:UK-88525-04

Trade Name:Emselex® / Enablex® / Xelena®

MOA:M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonistIndication:Overactive bladder (OAB)

Status:Approved

Company:Novartis (Originator) , Merus Labs,Warner chilcottSales:

ATC Code:G04BD10

臭化水素酸ダリフェナシン
Darifenacin Hydrobromide

C28H30N2O2▪HBr : 507.46
[133099-07-7]

Darifenacin (originally developed by Pfizer, trade name En`blex in USA and Canada, Emselex in Europe) is an effective medibatinn used for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.

Darifenacin.pngDarifenacin

OAB is a common condition symptomized by urinary urgency, with or without urge in continence, usually with frequency and nocturia that notably affects the lives of millions of people. Human bladder tissue contains M2 (80%) and M3 (20%) muscarinic receptors, and the latter act as the primary mediator of detrusor contraction in response to cholinergic activation.

So muscarinic receptor antagonists are the current treatment of choice for OAB. As different subtypes of muscarinic receptors are widely distributed in the human body to play key physiological roles, a very selective M3 receptor antagonist is in high demand in the market for OAB medication. Darifenacin is a potent and competitive M3 selective receptor antagonist (M3SRA) that has been shown to have high affinity and selectivity (59-fold higher) for the M3 receptor, with low selectivity for the other muscarinic receptor subtypes. Its hydrobromide salt  is the active ingredient of pharmaceutical formulations. The efficacy, tolerability and safety of darifenacin in the treatment of OAB are well established.

Darifenacin (trade name Enablex in US and Canada, Emselex in Europe) is a medication used to treat urinary incontinence. It was discovered by scientists at the Pfizer research site in Sandwich, UK under the identifier UK-88,525 and used to be marketed by Novartis. In 2010 the US rights were sold to Warner Chilcott for 400 million US$.

Mechanism of action

Darifenacin works by blocking the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions. It thereby decreases the urgency to urinate. It is not known whether this selectivity for the M3 receptor translates into any clinical advantage when treating symptoms of overactive bladder syndrome.

It should not be used in people with urinary retention. Anticholinergic agents, such as darifenacin, may also produce constipation and blurred vision. Heat prostration (due to decreased sweating) can occur when anticholinergics such as darifenacin are used in a hot environment.[1]

Clinical uses

Darifenacin is indicated for the treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency and frequency in adults.

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http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/18844/1/IJCb%2052B(6)%20824-828.pdf

The substance was first described in EP 388 054. The method of its preparation in accordance with this document is shown in the following scheme.

Scheme 1

Figure imgf000002_0001

DARIFENACIN

Figure imgf000002_0002

wherein the substituents R and X can be

Figure imgf000003_0001

A particular preferable embodiment is shown in Scheme 2, wherein substance VII is alkylated with 5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (VIII) in the presence of potash by reflux in acetonitrile. Crude darifenacin (IX) is purified using column chromatography and crystallized from diisopropylether

Scheme 2

Figure imgf000003_0002

Scheme 2: Synthesis of darifenacin by N-alkylation of pyrrolidine VII with 5-(2-bromoethyi)-

2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (VIII)

Darifenacin hydrobromide is prepared by precipitation of purified darifenacin base dissolved in acetone by addition of concentrated aqueous HBr.

However, in repeated reproduction these procedures did not provide a product of an adequate quality in a reasonable industrially applicable yield. It has been found out that a portion of the resulting darifenacin undergoes subsequent alkylation to the second stage, producing the twice substituted substance X. In the course of the reaction undesired reactions of 5-(2-biOmoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran VIII also occur, namely hydrolysis producing a hydroxy derivative (XI) and elimination producing a vinyl derivative (XII). All these reactions reduce the yield of the desired substance and complicate the preparation of high-quality API.

By reproduction of the above mentioned procedure a substance was obtained with the following contents of constituents in accordance with HPLC [%] : VII 2.8 VIII 14.2 1X 57.2 X 7.8 XI 1.2 XII 8.0.

Figure imgf000004_0001

A purification procedure for darifenacin was published in WO03080599A1.

Darifenacin in t-amyl alcohol is heated with Amberlite (22 h), the solid fraction is filtered off, the solvent is evaporated from the filtrate and the residue is dissolved in toluene; a solvate of darifenacin with toluene is separated by cooling. This solvate can be directly used for the preparation of darifenacin hydrobromide (the solvate is dissolved in 2-butanol, concentrated HBr is added and the darifenacin salt is separated by cooling).

Another method of purification of darifenacin, described in the same document, is conversion of the darifenacin/toluene solvate to darifenacin hydrate (the solvate is dissolved in acetonitrile and water is added under gradual separation of darifenacin hydrate (Scheme 3)), which can be used for the preparation of salts or can be directly incorporated into pharmaceutical forms. The hydrate can be optionally converted to the hydrogen bromide in a similar way as the solvate.

Figure imgf000005_0001

(IX.W)

Scheme 3: Methods of purification of crude darifenacin and its conversion to hydrobromide

During reproduction of the purification procedure it was possible to separate a portion of substance X in the solid phase form after dissolution of crude darifenacin in toluene. However, the attempt to obtain the desired toluene solvate of darifenacin from the toluene solution was not successful during the reproduction. This means that this method does not lead to the pure substance.

WO2007076159 (TEVA) describes preparation of darifenacin from dihydrobenzofuran ethylchloride and carbamoyl(diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine tartrate in the aqueous phase using K2CO3 as the base. After cooling of the reaction mixture n-butanol is added, the aqueous and organic phases are separated, acetanhydride is added and a reaction with concentrated hydrobromic acid (48%) is performed.

This method enables preparation of the substance with a satisfactory yield, ca. 77%; however, the reaction in the aqueous phase takes place in the melt, which is very thick, which causes techno logical problems, e.g. difficult stirring, sticking of the mixture on the walls of the reaction vessel, etc. During a reproduction of this procedure it was found that acetanhydride caused partial decomposition of the product and formation of further impurities. The crude product prepared this way cannot be converted to hydrobromide without further purification. N-butanol mentioned in the procedure is partly miscible with water, which also has a negative impact on the process yield. Contents of constituents (HPLC [%]) in the crude product within the reproduction of the procedure in accordance with WO2007076159 (TEVA):

Reaction with dihydrobenzofuran ethylchloride: VII 1.9 VIII 6.1 1X 82.0 X 6.3 XI not found XII not found

Reaction with dihydrobenzofuran ethylbromide: VII 2.8 VIII 0.5 1X 77.5 X 9.5 XI 2.0 XII 2.4

The above mentioned analysis of the described procedures and attempts to reproduce them have revealed that compound X is the major problem. During the application it was never possible to obtain the product that would contain less than 5% of this impurity. The substance is similar to the desired product in its character, it has similar solubility in most solvents and moreover it also changes to hydrogen bromide or other salts. For this reason it is very difficult to separate this substance by normal crystallization of the base or one of the salts of darifenacin.

While toluene has proved suitable for this function in the above-described procedures (WO03080599A1), after the separation of a portion of substance X it was not possible to obtain the desired toluene solvate of darifenacin. The procedure appears to be hardly usable without further modification and it does not lead to the desired pure product.

Darifenacin (la) is chemically known as (S)-2-[l-[2-(2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-5- yl)ethyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide and is approved as hydrobromide salt. Darifenacin is a potent muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist. Muscarinic receptors play an important role in several major cholinergically mediated functions, including contractions of the urinary bladder, gastrointestinal smooth muscle, saliva production, and iris sphincter function. Darifenacin has greater affinity for the M receptor than for the other known muscarinic receptors. Darifenacin hydrobromide is commercially available under the brand name Enablex® in the US. It has been approved for the treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency and frequency.

US 5,096,890 disclosed Darifenacin and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts. US ‘890 discloses several processes for preparing Darifenacin. According to the process disclosed in US ‘890, Darifenacin (la) may be prepared by condensing 5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (II) with 3-(S)-(-)-(l – carbamoyl-l , l -diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (III) in the presence of K2C03 in acetonitrile.

The process is as shown in Scheme-I below:

1. Anhydrous K2C03

Figure imgf000003_0001

US ‘890 also discloses a variant process for the preparation of Darifenacin (la) by condensing 5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3-benzofuran (IV) with 3-(S)-(-)-(l -carbamoyl- 1 , 1- diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (III) in the presence of K2C03 in acetonitrile to produce (S)-2-[l-[2-(2,3-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide (V), which is further hydrogenated in the presence of Pd/C in acetic acid to produce Darifenacin crude, followed by purification using column chromatography.

The rocess is as shown in Scheme-II below:

Figure imgf000003_0002

Darifenacin

(la)

US ‘890 also discloses an another variant process for the preparation of Darifenacin hydrobromide (I) by condensing 5-chloroacetyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (VI) with 3- (S)-(-)-(l-carbamoyl-l ,l-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (III) in the presence of K2CO3 in an industrial methylated spirit to produce (S)-2-[l-[2-(2,3-benzofuran-5-yl)-2- oxoethyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide hydrochloride (VII), which is further hydrogenated in the presence of Pd/C in acetic acid to produce Darifenacin crude, followed by purification using column chromatography to produce pure Darifenacin (la), which is converted to Darifenacin hydrobromide (I) using aqueous hydrobromic acid in acetone.

The rocess is as shown in Scheme-Ill below:

Figure imgf000004_0001

The disadvantage with the above processes is the use of column chromatography in the purification of Darifenacin (la). Employing column chromatography technique is tedious and laborious and also involves use of large quantities of solvents, and hence is not suitable for industrial scale operations.

US 6,930,188 discloses a process for the preparation of Darifenacin hydrobromide (I), by condensing 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)acetic acid (VIII) with (S)-2,2- diphenyl-2-(3-pyrrolidinyl)acetonitrile hydrobromide (IX) in the presence of carbonyldiimidazole in ethyl acetate to produce (S)-3-(cyanodiphenylmethyl)-l-[2- (2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)acetyl]pyri lidine (X), which is further reduced in the presence of sodium borohydride and boron trifluoride tetrahydrofuran complex to produce (S)-2-{l-[2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl}-2,2- diphenyl acetonitrile (XI), followed by treating with HBr to produce (S)-2-{ l-[2- (2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl}-2,2-diphenyl acetonitrile hydrobromide (XIa). Compound (XIa) is treated with potassium hydroxide at 50 to 60°C to produce Darifenacin (la), followed by treating with ion-exchange resin to produce Darifenacin toluene solvate (lb), which is further converted to Darifenacin hydrobromide (I) using 48% hydrobromic acid in 2-butanone.

The rocess is as shown in Scheme-IV below:

Figure imgf000005_0001

Darifenacin HBr

(I) It has now been found that, during the condensation of 5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3- benzofuran (IV) with 3-(S)-(-)-(l -carbamoyl- l ,l-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (III) to produce (S)-2-[l-[2-(2,3-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]-3-pyrroIidinyl]-2,2- diphenylacetamide (V), 3-(S)-(-)-(l -carbamoyl- l , l-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (III) remained unreacted to about 8 to 10% in the reaction mass. It is difficult to separate the compound (III) through crystallization from Darifenacin hydrobromide (I), which typically require two to three crystallizations to achieve desired Darifenacin hydrobromide (I) purity. The second and third crystallization adds time to the manufacturing process and thus negatively impacts product throughput. Additionally, a second and third crystallization reduces yield as some Darifenacin hydrobromide (I) remains uncrystallized and is not recovered from the liquid phase.

Hence, there is a need to develop a purification process, which removes the unreacted intermediate compound 3-(S)-(-)-(l-carbamoyl-l ,l – diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (III) from the reaction mass, which in turn provides Darifenacin hydrobromide of high purity with improved yield.

Further, it has been found that Darifenacin produced by the condensation of 5-(2- bromoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (II) with 3-(S)-(-)-( 1 -carbamoyl- 1 ,1 – diphenylmethyOp rrolidine (III) contains dimmer impurity (XII).

Formula (XII)

Figure imgf000006_0001

Hence, there is a need to develop process, which reduces the unwanted Darifenacin dimer (XII), which is influenced by controlling the quantity of compound (XIII).

Figure imgf000007_0001

Formula (XIII)

 

PROCESS

(a) Dunn, P. J.; Matthews, J. G.; Newbury, T. J.; O’Connor, G.US 6,930,188 B2, 2005.

(b) Narayan, K; Reddy, J. M.; Rao, G.; Chary, S.; Islam, A.; SivakumaranWO 2011/D70419 A1, 2011.

(c) Evansa, P.; Thomas, J.; Davies, R. H.US 2003/0199494 A1, 2003.

(d) Bhanu, M. N.; Naik, S.; Bodkhe, A.; Soni, A.US 2011/0144354 A1, 2011.

(e) Merli, V.; Canavesi, A.; Baverio, P.US 7,442,806 B2, 2008.

(f) Merli, V.; Canavesi, A.; Baverio, P.US 2009/0156831 A1, 2009.

(G)  WO2009125426A2.

(H) Ludmica, H.; Josef, J.WO 2009/094957 A1, 2009.

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2011070419A1?cl=en

Image result for Darifenacin

EXAMPLE – 1

Stage-1:

PREPARATION OF 5-(2-TOSYLOXYETHYL)-2,3-

DIHYDROBENZOFURAN

2-(2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-5yl)ethanol (65 g, 0.39 mol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (650 ml) at 20-25°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The solution was cooled to 0-5°C and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (79.27 g, 0.41 mol) was added in one lot. Triethylamine (60.04 g, 0.59 mol) was added slowly at 0-10°C, stirred for ~ 15 h at 20-25°C and the reaction was monitored by HPLC. Water was added and stirred for 10 min at 20-25°C. Layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (130 ml). The organic layer was combined and washed with water (2 x 130 ml) at 20-25°C at pH 12 – 12.5. Finally the organic layer was washed with saturated brine solution (130ml) and concentrated to complete dryness under reduced pressure at 35-45°C. The product was crystallized from ethyl acetate and n- hexanes mixture.

Yield: 96.5 g

Chromatographic purity (By HPLC): 97.85%

Stage-2:

PREPARATION OF DARIFENACIN HYDROBROMIDE

3-(S)-(-)-(l -Carbamoyl- l , l -diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine L-(+)-tartrate (10 g, 0.02 mol), anhydrous potassium carbonate (22.50 g, 0.16 mol) and 5-(2-tosyloxyethyl)- 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (7 g, 0.02 mol) were suspended in anhydrous acetonitrile ( 100 ml) under nitrogen atmosphere at 25 ± 2°C. The reaction suspension was heated to 70 ± 2 °C and stirred for 4 h. Reaction progress was monitored by HPLC. The reaction mass was cooled to 30 + 2°C, the salts were filtered and washed with acetonitrile (10 ml). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure at 50 ± 2 °C. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 ml), water (50 ml) was added and the pH was adjusted to 2 ± 0.1 with 24% w/w aqueous hydrobromic acid at 25- 30°C. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with aqueous dichloromethane (20 ml). Water (50 ml) was added to the combined dichloromethane layer and pH was adjusted to 9 ± 0.1 with 25% w/w aqueous potassium carbonate solution at 25 ± 2°C. The layers were separated and concentrated under reduced pressure at 35-40°C. The residue was dissolved in acetone (50 ml), cooled to 5-10°C and the pH was adjusted to acidic with 48% w/w aqueous hydrobromic acid at 5-10°C. The residue was stirred for 2 h at 20-25°C, cooled to 0-5°C and stirred for 1 h at 0-5°C. The product was filtered, washed with chilled acetone (10 ml) and dried at 50-55°C.

Yield: 9.4 g

Chromatographic purity (By HPLC): 98.2%.

5 -(2-Tosy loxyethy l)-2, 3 -dihydrobenzofuran : Nil

Darifenacin dimer impurity: 0.96%.

EXAMPLE – 2

Stage-1 :

PREPARATION OF 5-(2-BROMOETHYL)-2,3-DIHYDROBENZOFURAN

2- (2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethanol (10 g, 0.06 mol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (60 ml) at 25 ± 2°C under nitrogen atmosphere and triphenylphosphine dibromide (27.02 g, 0.06 mol) was added in one lot at 25 ± 2°C. The reaction mass was heated to 76-78°C and stirred for 2 h. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC [Ethyl acetate: n-Hexanes; 2:8 v/v], Acetonitrile was completely distilled off under reduced pressure at 76-78°C. The residue was cooled and the product was extracted with n-hexanes (4 x 30 ml) at 25 ± 2°C. The solution was filtered and diluted with ethyl acetate (50 ml) and washed with 5% w/w aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (2 x 50 ml) at 25 ± 2°C. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure at 40-50°C.

Yield: 7 g

Stage-2

PREPARATION OF DARIFENACIN HYDROBROMIDE

3- (S)-(-)-(l -Carbamoyl- l ,l-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine L-(+)-tartrate (5 g, 0.01 mol), anhydrous potassium carbonate (1 1.25 g, 0.08 mol) and 5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3- dihydrobenzofuran (2.5 g, 0.01 mol) were suspended in anhydrous acetonitrile (50 ml) under nitrogen atmosphere at 25 ± 2°C. The reaction suspension was heated to 70 ± 2 °C and stirred for 4 h. Reaction progress was monitored by HPLC. The reaction mass was cooled to 30 ± 2°C, salts were filtered and washed with acetonitrile (5 ml). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure at 50 ± 2 0 C. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (25 ml), water (25 ml) was added and the pH was adjusted to 2 ± 0.1 with 24% w/w aqueous hydrobromic acid at 25- 30°C. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (10 ml). Water (25 ml) was added to the combined dichloromethane layer and pH was adjusted to 9 ± 0.1 with 25% w/w aqueous potassium carbonate solution at 25 ± 2°C. The layers were separated and the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure at 35-40°C. The residue was dissolved in acetone (25 ml), cooled to 5-10°C and the pH was adjusted to acidic with 48% w/w aqueous hydrobromic acid at 5-10°C. The residue was stirred for 2 h at 20-25°C, cooled to Q-5°C and stirred for 1 h at 0-5°C. The product was filtered, washed with chilled acetone (5 ml) and dried at 50-55°C.

Yield: 4.5 g

Chromatographic purity (By HPLC): 99.24%

5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3-dihydiObenzofuran: Nil

Darifenacin dimer impurity: 0.39%.

EXAMPLE – 3

PURIFICATION OF DARIFENACIN HYDROBROMIDE Darifenacin hydrobromide (10 g) was suspended in acetic acid (15 g) at 25 ± 2°C and heated to 65-70°C. Activated carbon (0.25 g) was added and stin-ed for 15 min at 65-70°C. Carbon was filtered off through hyflo and washed with hot acetic acid (5 g). Water (200 ml) was added to the filtrate slowly at 50-55°C, cooled to 45°C and Darifenacin hydrobromide seed (0.05 g) was added. The resulting solution was cooled to 20-25 °C and stin-ed for 1 h and further cooled to 0-5 °C and stirred for 1 h. The solid was filtered and washed with cold water (10 ml). The product was dried at 50-55°C.

Yield: 7.6 g

Chromatographic purity (By HPLC): 99.52%

5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran: Nil 5-(2-Tosyloxyethyl)-253-dihydrobenzofuran: Nil

Darifenacin dimer impurity: 0.20%.

EXAMPLE – 4

PURIFICATION OF DARIFENACIN HYDROBROMIDE

Darifenacin hydrobromide (15 g) was suspended in a mixture of acetic acid (25 g) and water (25 ml) at 25 ± 2°C and heated to 65-70°C. Activated carbon (0.75 g) was added and stirred for 15 min at 65-70°C. Carbon was filtered off through hyflo and washed with a mixture of acetic acid and DM water (10 g). Water (120 ml) was added to the filtrate slowly at 50-55°C, cooled to 45°C and Darifenacin hydrobromide seed (0.05 g) was added. The resulting solution was cooled to 20- 25°C and stirred for 1 h and further cooled to 0-5°C and stirred for 1 h. The solid was filtered and washed with cold water (30 ml). The product was dried at 50-55°C. Yield: 1 1.9 g

Chromatographic purity (By HPLC): 99.71 %

5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran: Nil

5-(2-Tosyloxyethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran: Nil

Darifenacin dimer impurity: 0.20%. EXAMPLE – 5

PURIFICATION OF DARIFENACIN HYDROBROMIDE

Darifenacin hydrobromide (9 g) was suspended in acetone (45 ml) at 25 ± 2°C, heated to 55-60°C and stirred for 30 + 5 min at 55-60°C. The resulting solution was cooled to 20-25°C and stin-ed for 30 + 5 min, which is further cooled to 0-5°C and stirred for 1 h. The solid was filtered and washed with chilled acetone (9 ml). The product was dried at 50-55°C.

Yield: 8.8 g

Chromatographic purity (By HPLC): 99.87%

5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran: Nil

5-(2-Tosyloxyethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran: Nil

Darifenacin dimer impurity: 0.08%. EXAMPLE – 6

PURIFICATION OF DARIFENACIN HYDROBROMIDE

Darifenacin hydrobromide (9 g) was suspended in a mixture of acetone (45 ml) and DM water (1.77 ml) at 25 ± 2°C, heated to 55-60°C and stirred for 30 + 5 min at 55- 60°C. The resulting solution was cooled to 20-25°C and stirred for 30 + 5 min, which was further cooled to 0-5°C and stirred for 1 h. The product was filtered and washed with chilled acetone (9 ml). The product was dried at 50-55°C.

Yield: 8.4 g

Chromatographic purity (By HPLC): 99.88%

EXAMPLE – 7

PURIFICATION OF DARIFENACIN HYDROBROMIDE

Darifenacin hydrobromide (10 g) was suspended in a mixture of acetone (50 ml) and DM water (3.95 ml) at 25 ± 2°C, heated to 55-58°C and stirred for 30 ± 5 min. The resulting solution was cooled to 20-25°C and stirred for 30 ± 5 min, which was further cooled to 0-5 °C and stirred for 1 hour. The product was filtered and washed with chilled acetone (10ml, 0-5°C). The product was dried at 50-55°C.

Yield: 8.30g

Chromatographic Purity (By HPLC): 99.83 %

Darifenacin dimmer: 0.10%

EXAMPLE – 8

PURIFICATION OF DARIFENACIN HYDROBROMIDE

Darifenacin hydrobromide (10 g) was suspended in a mixture of acetone (50 ml) and DM water (7.9 ml) at 25 ± 2°C, heated to 55-60°C and stirred for 30 + 5 min. The resulting solution was cooled to 20-25°C and stirred for 30 ± 5 min, which was further cooled to 0-5°C and stirred for 1 hour. The product was filtered and washed with chilled acetone (10 ml, 0-5°C). The product was dried at 50-55°C.

Yield: 6.70g

Chromatographic Purity (By HPLC): 99.94 %

Darifenacin dimmer: Nil.

Paper

A New Solvent System (Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether–Water) in Process Development of Darifenacin HBr

API R&D Centre, Emcure Pharmaceuticals Ltd., ITBT Park, Phase-II, MIDC, Hinjewadi, Pune-411057, India
Org. Process Res. Dev., 2012, 16 (10), pp 1591–1597
DOI: 10.1021/op300119s
*Fax: +91-20-39821445. E-mail: chinmoy.pramanik@emcure.co.in.
Abstract Image

Darifenacin is a potent and competitive M3 selective receptor antagonist (M3SRA), and its hydrobromide salt (1) is the active ingredient of pharmaceutical formulations for oral treatment of urinary incontinence. The present work demonstrates an efficient, commercial manufacturing process for darifenacin hydrobromide (1).

1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz, δ ppm): 9.8 (bs, 0.7H), 9.3 (bs, 0.3 H), 7.4–7.3 (m, 10 H), 7.1–7.0 (m, 1H), 7.0–6.7 (m, 2H), 6.7 (m, 1H), 4.5 (m, 2H), 4.0–3.9 (m, 1.3 H), 3.8–3.7 (m, 0.7 H), 3.4–3.3 (m, 2H), 3.1 (m, 2H), 2.9 (m, 1.3 H), 2.8–2.7 (m, 2H), 2.6 (m, 0.7H), 2.4–2.3 (m, 0.7H), 2.2 (m, 1.3H), 1.6 (m, 0.7 H), 1.5 (m, 0.3 H).

13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz, δ ppm): 174.4, 174.2, 158.5, 141.2, 140.7, 140.6, 129.7, 129.4, 129.5, 128.3, 128.0, 127.9, 127.5, 127.2, 127.1, 125.4, 125.2, 108.7, 70.8, 62.4, 62.1, 56.1, 55.2, 55.1, 54.7, 53.0, 52.2, 40.0, 40.8, 30.3, 30.1, 29.0, 26.9, 25.6.

Calcd for C28H30N2O2·HBr, (M+)/z: 425.56; found (M + H)/z 427.2, (M + Na)/z 449.3.

Anal. Calcd for C28H31BrN2O2: C, 66.27; H, 6.16; N, 5.52. Found: C, 66.36; H, 6.07; N, 5.68.

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2009094957A1?cl=en

Scheme 4:

Figure imgf000008_0001

Example 1

Figure imgf000010_0001

Advanced intermediate VII (4.3 g; 0.01 mol) is stirred up in an aqueous solution of potassium phosphate (9.43 g; 0.041 mol in 20 ml of water) at the laboratory temperature. A toluene solution (20 ml) of intermediate VIII (2.41 g; 0.011 mol) is added to the mixture and the mixture is heated up in an oil bath T=90 0C while being stirred for 3.5 h. After cooling the toluene layer is separated and the aqueous layer is extracted with toluene. The combined toluene extracts are shaken with water and the solvent is distilled off at a reduced pressure. The evaporation residue is dissolved in ethylmethylketone, and an equimolar amount of 48% hydrobromic acid is added. The separated darifenacin hydrobromide is filtered off and dried.

Yield: 85% of theory.

Example 2

Figure imgf000010_0002

Advanced intermediate VII (4.3 g; 0.01 mol) is stirred up in an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate (6.1 g; 0.044 mol in 20 ml of water) at the laboratory temperature. A toluene solution (20 ml) of intermediate VIII (2.41 g; 0.011 mol) is added to the mixture and the mixture is heated in an oil bath T=90 °C while being stirred for 3.5 h. After cooling the toluene layer is separated and the aqueous layer is extracted with toluene. The combined toluene extracts are shaken with water and the solvent is distilled off at a reduced pressure. The evaporation residue is dissolved in ethylmethylketone, and an equimolar amount of 48% hydrobromic acid is added. The separated darifenacine hydrobromide is filtered off and dried.

Yield: 86% of theory.

Example 3

Figure imgf000011_0001

Advanced intermediate VII (4.3 g; 0.01 mol) is stirred up in an aqueous solution of potassium phosphate (9.43 g; 0.041 mol in 20 ml of water) at the laboratory temperature. A solution of intermediate VIII (2.41 g; 0.011 mol) in cyclohexane (20 ml) is added to the mixture and the mixture is heated in an oil bath T=90 0C while being stirred for 3.5 h. The layers are separated while hot. The cyclohexane solution is cooled to the laboratory temperature under intensive stirring. This way the darifenacin base is separated. The product is filtered off and dried. The base is dissolved in ethylmethylketone, and an equimolar amount of 48% hydrobromic acid is added. The separated darifenacin hydrobromide is filtered off and dried.

Yield: 85% of theory.

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Identification and structural elucidation of two process impurities and stress degradants in darifenacin hydrobromide active pharmaceutical ingredient by LC-ESI/MSn

Graphical abstract: Identification and structural elucidation of two process impurities and stress degradants in darifenacin hydrobromide active pharmaceutical ingredient by LC-ESI/MSn

References

External links

Citing Patent Filing date Publication date Applicant Title
WO2011070419A1 * Dec 3, 2010 Jun 16, 2011 Aurobindo Pharma Limited An improved process for the preparation of darifenacin hydrobromide
Cited Patent Filing date Publication date Applicant Title
WO2003080599A1 Mar 17, 2003 Oct 2, 2003 Novartis International Pharmaceutical Ltd. Stable hydrate of a muscarinic receptor antagonist
WO2007076157A2 * Dec 27, 2006 Jul 5, 2007 Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd. Processes for preparing darifenacin hydrobromide
WO2007076158A2 * Dec 27, 2006 Jul 5, 2007 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Processes for preparing darifenacin hydrobromide
WO2007076159A2 Dec 27, 2006 Jul 5, 2007 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Pure darifenacin hydrobromide substantially free of oxidized darifenacin and salts thereof and processes for the preparation thereof
EP0388054A1 Mar 2, 1990 Sep 19, 1990 Pfizer Limited Pyrrolidine derivatives
WO2009094957A1 * Jan 14, 2009 Aug 6, 2009 Zentiva, K.S. A method for the preparation of darifenacin hydrogen bromide
US5096890 Mar 13, 1990 Mar 17, 1992 Pfizer Inc. Pyrrolidine derivatives
US6930188 Mar 25, 2003 Aug 16, 2005 Novartis International Pharmaceutical, Ltd. Stable hydrate of a muscarinic receptor antagonist
Darifenacin
Darifenacin.svg
Darifenacin-hydrobromide-from-xtal-2009-CM-3D-balls.png
Clinical data
Trade names Enablex
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a605039
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of
administration
Oral
ATC code G04BD10 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 15 to 19% (dose-dependent)
Protein binding 98%
Metabolism Hepatic (CYP2D6– and CYP3A4-mediated)
Biological half-life 13 to 19 hours
Excretion Renal (60%) and biliary (40%)
Identifiers
CAS Number 133099-04-4 Yes
PubChem (CID) 444031
IUPHAR/BPS 321
DrugBank DB00496 Yes
ChemSpider 392054 Yes
UNII APG9819VLM Yes
KEGG D01699 
ChEBI CHEBI:391960 Yes
ChEMBL CHEMBL1346 Yes
ECHA InfoCard 100.118.382
Chemical and physical data
Formula C28H30N2O2
Molar mass 426.55 g/mol
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image

/////////Darifenacin, 臭化水素酸ダリフェナシン ,  Antispasmodic, Antimuscarinic, UK-88525-04, Emselex® ,  Enablex® ,  Xelena®, 

 

C1CN(CC1C(C2=CC=CC=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)N)CCC4=CC5=C(C=C4)OCC5

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